We explore the interplay between trade invoicing pa‹erns and the pricing of safe assets in di‚erent currencies. Our theory highlights the following points: 1) a currency’s role as a unit of account for invoicing decisions is complementary to its role as a safe store of value; 2) this complementarity can lead to the emergence of a single dominant currency in trade invoicing and global banking, e...

The family Flaviviridae includes viruses that have different virion structures and morphogenesis mechanisms. Most cellular and molecular studies have been so far performed with viruses of the Hepacivirus and Flavivirus genera. Here, we studied bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a member of the Pestivirus genus. We set up a method to purify BVDV virions and analyzed their morphology by electron...

Molecular epidemiology has proven to be an essential tool in the control of classical swine fever (CSF) and its use has significantly increased during the past two decades. Phylogenetic analysis is a prerequisite for virus tracing and thus allows implementing more effective control measures. So far, fragments of the 5´NTR (150 nucleotides, nt) and the E2 gene (190 nt) have frequently been used ...

—Analysis of the structure and stability of a hybrid zone can serve as a starting point for examining mechanisms that infl uence spatial and evolutionary relationships between species. Recent studies of the hybrid zone between Blackcapped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina Chickadee (P. carolinensis) have suggested that genetic introgression is limited to a narrow zone, while also re...

Person identi€cation technology recognizes individuals by exploiting their unique, measurable physiological and behavioral characteristics. However, the state-of-the-art person identi€cation systems have been shown to be vulnerable, e.g., antisurveillance prosthetic masks can thwart face recognition, contact lenses can trick iris recognition, vocoder can compromise voice identi€cation and €nger...

Different genetically engineered mutants of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were analyzed for the ability to establish infection in the fetuses of pregnant heifers. The virus mutants exhibited either a deletion of the overwhelming part of the genomic region coding for the N-terminal protease N(pro), a deletion of codon 349, which abrogates the RNase activity of the structural glycoprotein E(...

Magne c resonance imaging (MRI) was applied to the study of fl ow processes in model and natural soil cores. Flow veloci es in soils are mostly too slow to be monitored directly by MRI fl ow velocity imaging. Therefore, we used for the fi rst me diethylenetriaminepentaacetate in the form Gd-DTPA2− as a tracer in spin echo mul slice imaging protocols with strong weigh ng of longitudinal relaxa o...

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the prototype Pestivirus. BVDV infection is distributed worldwide and causes serious problems for the livestock industry. The thiosemicarbazone of 5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanone (TSC) is a non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitor (NNI) of BVDV. All TSC-resistant BVDV variants (BVDV-TSCr T1-5) present an N264D mutation in the NS5B gene (RdRp) whereas the variant BVDV-T...

uilding upon rapid advances in robotics, control, communications and computer technology, UAVs will undoubtedly be called upon to play an ever-increasing role in the civilian and military communities. Military strategic planning has already started to incorporate wide-ranging roles for UAVs, such as tactical surveillance, communications relay, target designation, battle damage assessment and co...

Graph paŠern mining methods can extract informative and useful paŠerns from large-scale graphs and capture underlying principles through the overwhelmed information. Contrast analysis serves as a keystone in various €elds and has demonstrated its e‚ectiveness in mining valuable information. However, it has been long overlooked in graph paŠern mining. Œerefore, in this paper, we introduce the co...