Biological sensory systems generally operate out of equilibrium, which often leads to their improved performance. Here, we study the sensitivity of ligand concentration for a general receptor model, which is generally in the non-equilibrium stationary state, in the framework of a stochastic diffusion equation. We derived a general formula of the maximum sensitivity. Specifically, the sensitivit...

The paper considers the convergence to equilibrium for measure solutions of the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation for hard potentials with angular cutoff. We prove the exponential sharp rate of strong convergence to equilibrium for conservative measure solutions having finite mass and energy. The proof is based on the regularizing property of the iterated collision operators, exponential...

It is known that equilibrium thermodynamics can be deduced from a constrained Fisher information extemizing process. We show here that, more generally, both nonequilibrium and equilibrium thermodynamics can be obtained from such a Fisher treatment. Equilibrium thermodynamics corresponds to the ground-state solution, and nonequilibrium thermodynamics corresponds to excited-state solutions, of a ...

Experimental data suggests that for some continuously-varying characters under stabilising selection, mutation may cause a mean change in the value of the character. A one locus, mathematical model of a continuously-varying biological character with this property of biased mutation is investigated. Via a mathematical transformation, the equilibrium equation describing a large population of indi...

With regard to the second law of thermodynamics, as given by equation (6), it should be noted that the sign "is greater than" applies to the case of a system which is approaching the condition of thermodynamic equilibrium and implies a difference between "forward" and "backward" directions for the time-like coordinate x4. The equality sign, on the other hand, may characterize either a system wh...

There are errors in Equation (3). In the description of Equation (3), the equilibrium frequencies PIX are incorrectly defined in terms of pi, where in fact they should be defined in terms of phi. Please see the corrected description of Equation (3) here.

We study the structure of the time evolution of the density matrix in contact with a thermal bath in a standard projection operator scheme. In general, the equation of motions of the density matrix with dissipative effects tends to lead any initial state into a steady state. The reduced density matrix of the system in the steady state is obtained by tracing out the degree of freedom of the ther...

We obtain a set of sufficient conditions under which all positive solutions of the nonlinear delay difference equation x„+l = x„f(xn_k), n = 0,1,2,..., are attracted to the positive equilibrium of the equation. Our result applies, for example, to the delay logistic model JVI+i = aN¡/(\ +ßNt_k) and to the delay difference equation xn+i = x„er^~x"-k'1 .

For all values of the parameter γ, (1.1) has a unique positive equilibrium x̄ = (γ + 1)/2. When 0 < γ < 1, the positive equilibrium x̄ is locally asymptotically stable. In the case where γ = 1, the characteristic equation of the linearized equation about the positive equilibrium x̄ = 1 has three eigenvalues, one of which is −1, and the other two are 0 and 1/2. In addition, when γ = 1, (1.1) posses...

in this paper, nonlinear adjustments and price transmission mechanism between the two levels of wholesale and retail for the egg market has been examined under the threshold vector error correction model (tvecm) framework using hansen and seo (2002)’s two-regimes). the unit root test showed that both wholesale and retail egg price series were integrated of order one . the johansen co-integratio...