This paper introduces and documents DEMO, a Dynamic Epistemic Modelling tool. DEMO allows modelling epistemic updates, graphical display of update results, graphical display of action models, formula evaluation in epistemic models, translation of dynamic epistemic formulas to PDL formulas. Also, DEMO implements the reduction of dynamic epistemic logic [22, 2, 3, 1] to PDL given in [17] and pres...

This essay examines popular protest and resistance during the Italian Wars, 1494 to 1559, emphasizing importance of decade 1520s. It is acomparative analysis with Italy’s more thoroughly studied epoch insurrection late fourteenth century concludes that latter period, characterized by warfare growth absolutism, was rich in new forms wedded ideals equality early practices democracy.

I begin with some familiar conceptions of epistemic relativism. One kind of epistemic relativism is descriptive pluralism. This is the simple, non-normative thesis that many different communities, cultures, social networks, etc. endorse different epistemic systems (E-systems), i.e., different sets of norms, standards, or principles for forming beliefs and other doxastic states. Communities try ...

This paper, develops the concept of epistemic frames as a mechanism through which students can use experiences in video games, computer games, and other interactive learning environments to help them deal more effectively with situations outside of the original context of learning. Building on ideas of islands of expertise [Crowley, K., & Jacobs, M. (2002). Islands of expertise and the developm...

Epistemic modal predicate logic raises conceptual problems not faced in the case of alethic modal predicate logic: Frege’s “Hesperus-Phosphorus” problem— how to make sense of ascribing to agents ignorance of necessarily true identity statements—and the related “Hintikka-Kripke” problem—how to set up a logical system combining epistemic and alethic modalities, as well as others problems, such as...

This paper explores a rich source of data for theories of this vocabulary. The debate over the viability of standard truth conditional theories has called attention to the distinctive behavior of epistemic vocabulary in eavesdropping judgments, indicative suppositions, and statements of disagreement and retraction. But extant accounts are not sufficiently sensitive to distinctive features of th...

We give a relation between a logic of knowledge and change, with a semantics on Kripke models, and a logic of knowledge and time, with a semantics on interpreted systems. In particular, given an epistemic state (pointed Kripke model with equivalence relations) and a formula in a dynamic epistemic logic (a logic describing the consequences of epistemic actions), we construct an interpreted syste...