Inferring strength and direction of interactions from electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings is of crucial importance to improve our understanding of dynamical interdependencies underlying various physiological and pathophysiological conditions in the human epileptic brain. We here use approaches from symbolic analysis to investigate--in a time-resolved manner--weighted and directed, short- t...

The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) have come to consensus definitions for the terms epileptic seizure and epilepsy. An epileptic seizure is a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain characterized by an enduring predispos...

Epileptic encephalopathies are motor-mental retardations or cognitive disorders secondary to epileptic seizures or epileptiform activities. Encephalopaties due to brain damage, medications, or systemic diseases are generally not in the scope of this definition, but they may rarely accompany the condition. Appropriate differential diagnosis of epileptic seizures as well as subclinical electroenc...

Considering the suitability of laboratory rats in epilepsy research, we and other groups have been developing genetic models of epilepsy in this species. After epileptic rats or seizure-susceptible rats were sporadically found in outbred stocks, the epileptic traits were usually genetically-fixed by selective breeding. So far, the absence seizure models GAERS and WAG/Rij, audiogenic seizure mod...

OBJECTIVE To assess the yield of recorded habitual non-epileptic seizures during outpatient video EEG, using simple suggestion techniques based on hyperventilation and photic stimulation. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial of "suggestion" v "no suggestion" during outpatient video EEG recording. SETTING Regional epilepsy service (tertiary care; single centre). PARTICIPANTS 30 patients (22 ...

The study was carried out to investigate the anticonvulsant effects of different extracts of Bacopa monnieri (BM) against Pentylenetetrazole induced-epilepsy, with special reference to cholinergic metabolism of functionally different skeletal muscles. Rats were divided into eight groups consisted of six rats in each group. (a) control rats treated with saline, (b) PTZinduced epileptic group (60...