The epidemiology of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL) varies with age at clinical onset. In developing countries, the disorder appears predominantly during childhood and its incidence decreases with age, while in industrialized countries, the incidence rate increase with age. There has long been a view that the differences in descriptive epidemiology of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma around the world, and also betwe...

1Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran 2Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran *Corresponding author Khadijeh Nasiriani, BSc, MSc, PhD Assistant Professor Mother and Newborn Health Research Center Shahid Sadoughi University of...

The study examined the epidemiology and causes of infertility in Tomsk, Western Siberia, using methodological approaches recommended by WHO and was based on the findings for a randomly selected sample of 2000 married women aged 18-45 years. Among the respondents, 333 couples were considered infertile since they had not conceived after 12 months or more of unprotected intercourse. This group of ...

INTRODUCTION According to the world Health organization, approximately one third of the world` population older than 15 years are smokers. Evidences indicate that both in men and in women, cigarette smoking affects reproductive health more than the consumption of caffeine or alcohol in comparable doses. The mechanisms according to which tobacco affects spermatozoa are poorly understood. Some of...

BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates different cellular activities related to spermatogenesis. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 1 (TNFR1) mediates TNF-α activity and polymorphism in TNFR1 could lead to gene dysfunction and male infertility. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine the association of TNFR1 36 A/G polymorphism wi...

BACKGROUND About 10% to 15% of infertile men have azoospermia, which could be obstructive or non-obstructive. Diagnostic biopsy from the testis and recently testicular sperm extraction (TESE) are the most precise investigations in these patients. Testicular biopsy can be done unilaterally or bilaterally. The worth of unilateral or bilateral testicular biopsy in men with azoospermia is controver...

Tubal factors are most important causes of infertility and are attributed to several etiologies. It seems that infections cause 10% to 70% of tubal factors and are strongly depended on patients age, numbers of infections and geogarphical and regional epidemiology. All types of tubal inflamations can impair fertility such as: acute salpingitis, tubo–ovarian abscess formation, asympothomatic invo...

Background: With lockdown and cessation of non essential, life saving treatment options couples registered at ART centres were dismayed. The aspirations numerous their families left in a lurch. Unexpectedly cases spontaneous conceptions this pool patients ray hope.Methods: In multicentric retrospective analytic study, we evaluated all pregnancies compared them with the cohort our centers. objec...

Background Infertility is defined as failure in pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse. Several centers have reported different causes of infertility. The most common causes of infertility are: male factor such as sperm disturbance, female factor such as ovulation dysfunction and tubal factor, both male and female factor, and unexplained infertility .The aim of this study was to su...