Background: Maternal mortality in India continues to be unacceptably high. This study was done to evaluate the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in our hospital, to assess the epidemiological aspects and causes of maternal mortality, and to suggest recommendations for improvement. Methods: This study was a 10 year retrospective study from year 2007 to 2016. Data was collected from the hospital rec...

BACKGROUND IMPACT is an epidemiological model that has been used to estimate how increased treatment uptakes affect mortality and related outcomes. The model calculations require the use of case fatality rate estimates under no treatment. Due to the lack of data, rates where treatment is partially present are often used instead, introducing bias. A method that does not rely on no-treatment case...

BACKGROUND Several epidemiological studies have associated depressive symptoms with cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether depressive symptoms constituted a risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and total mortality among an apparently healthy elderly cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS In a prospective cohort of 5888 elderly Americans (>/=65 years) who were enrolled in the Cardiovascular Hea...

The epidemiological mechanisms behind the W-shaped age-specific influenza mortality during the Spanish influenza (H1N1) pandemic 1918-19 have yet to be fully clarified. The present study aimed to develop a formal hypothesis: tuberculosis (TB) was associated with the W-shaped influenza mortality from 1918-19. Three pieces of epidemiological information were assessed: (i) the epidemic records con...

Air pollution by fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) has increased strongly with industrialization and urbanization. We estimate the premature mortality rates and the years of human life lost (YLL) caused by anthropogenic PM2.5 and O3 in 2005 for epidemiological regions defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). This is based upon high-resolution global model calculations that r...

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic heart (IHD) are often indistinctly used terms. Both combined have generated, over the past years, concerns about sex disparities in their presentation. From an epidemiological perspective, females several disadvantages regarding prevention, diagnosis, treatment of CAD. Most general cardiovascular risk factors affect women more frequently, or with a hig...

Very few Pacific islands escaped the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic. Subsequent influenza epidemics in the established colonial outposts of American Samoa and New Caledonia infected many but killed very few persons whereas the extraordinarily isolated Niue, Rotuma, Jaliut and Yule islands experienced high mortality influenza epidemics (>3% of population) following 1918. These dichotomous outcomes...

In an epidemiological model, time spent in one compartment is often modeled by a delay in the model. In general the presence of delay in differential equations can change the stability of an equilibrium to instability and causes the appearance of oscillatory solutions. In this paper we consider a SIS epidemiological model with demographic effects: birth, mortality and mortality caused by infect...

Population Registry of Lifestyle Diseases (PROLIFE) is a prospective cohort study aimed at the long-term follow-up of the residents of seven contiguous villages in Kerala, India. There were 161 942 subject enrolments as of 1 July 2002. The study was initiated by Health Action by People (HAP), a non-profit public health research organization. Kerala, with a population of 431 million in 2001, has...

The last decades of the 20th century witnessed a major epidemiological and nutritional transition in Latin America. Mortality due to infectious diseases and malnutrition declined in most countries and neonatal deaths now account for a growing proportion of infant deaths. In Brazil, infant mortality fell from 82.8 per 1000 live births in 1980 to 27.4 per 1000 in 2000. There were also marked impr...