objective: the current study was undertaken to examine the bactericide effects of atmospheric plasma produced by flat and comb electrodes on e.coli. materials and methods: dc (20 w) and ac (500 w) power supplies, flat and comb electrodes, insulator and oxygen gas were used to produce atmospheric plasma. bactericide effects of the atmospheric plasma were studied on e.coli on sterilized plate pla...

The bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein is employed in genosensors as nonspecific binding blocker. In this work, the influence of BSA on electrochemical response a DNA-based biosensor explored by impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and double pulse voltammetry technique. Each buffer component hybridization studied bare gold electrodes single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-functionalized electrodes. found to have...

An optimal environment for glucose oxidase (GOx) in Nafion membranes is achieved using an advanced immobilization protocol based on a nonaqueous immobilization route. Exposure of glucose oxidase to water-organic mixtures with a high (85-95%) content of the organic solvent resulted in stabilization of the enzyme by a membrane-forming polyelectrolyte. Such an optimal environment leads to the high...

Electrochemical glucose enzyme biosensors have been prepared on carbon film electrodes made from carbon film electrical resistors. Evaluation and characterisation of these electrodes in phosphate buffer saline solution has been carried out with and without pretreatment by cycling in perchloric acid or at fixed applied potential. Both pretreatments led to a reduction in the carbon surface oxidat...

   Electrochemical performance of binary and ternary oxides composed of Ni, Co and Cu produced over a 3-dimensional substrate of vertically aligned carbon nano-tubes (VACNT) as electrodes for aqueous energy sources, is reported and compared in this paper. VACNTs were fabricated inside a DC-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition chamber and composite materials fabricated by thermal decomp...

A polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film-based capacitive biosensor was developed for glucose sensing. This device consists of a PVDF film sandwiched between two electrodes. A capacitive biosensor measures the dielectric properties of the dielectric layers at the interface between the electrolyte and the electrode. A glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme was immobilized onto the electrode to oxidize glucos...

An enzyme immobilization technique has been developed to determine the concentration of biological compounds. This technique has been applied to penicillinase and urease, which are crosslinked as very fine films directly onto the sensitive ends of pH glass electrodes, thereby dispensing with the need of an on-line enzyme reactor. The biosensor is incorporated in an FIA system within a magnetica...

A computer controlled pH meter was developed using simple op-amp circuits. Analog to digital converter (ADC) card was used to acquire the output potential from the op-amp. S9ftware based signal averaging helped in reduction of electrical noise. The instrument was calibrated against pH and ammonia selective electrodes where it followed Nemstian behaviour and was l\Sed in the development of a sim...

The biosensor field has grown enormously since the first demonstration of the biosensor concept by Leland C. Clark Jr. in 1962. Today’s biosensor market is dominated by glucose biosensors, mass-produced enzyme-electrodes for the rapid self-diagnosis of blood glucose levels by diabetes sufferers. Here we take a historical look at the inception, growth, and development of the enzyme biosensor fie...

The apparent Michaelis constant, K(M), for glutamate oxidase (GluOx) immobilised on Pt electrodes increased systematically with enzyme loading. The effect was due, at least in part, to electrostatic repulsion between neighbouring oxidase molecules and the anionic substrate, glutamate (Glu). This understanding has allowed us to increase the Glu sensitivity of GluOx-based amperometric biosensors ...