Program slicing is a technique that determines which statements in a program affect or are affected by another statement in that program. Static forward slicing, in particular, can be used for impact analysis by identifying all potential effects of changes in software. This information helps developers design and test their changes. Unfortunately, static slicing is too imprecise—it often produc...

Background Transport policy and practice impacts health. Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) are regulated public policy mechanisms that can be used to consider the health impacts of major transport projects before they are approved. The way health is considered in these environmental assessments (EAs) is not well known. This research asked: How and to what extent was human health considere...

How does and should the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements, with foundations from the late 1800s, impact today's nursing practice? How can the Code help you? The earlier 2001 Code was revised and became effective January 2015. The nine provisions received modest revision, as did the corresponding interpretive statements. However, Provisions 8 and ...

Policy statements providing health and environmental criteria for blood lead (PbB) often give recommendations on an acceptable distribution of PbB concentrations. Such statements may recommend distributions of PbB concentrations including an upper range (e.g., maximum and/or 90th percentile values) and central tendency (e.g., mean and/or 50th percentile) of the PbB distribution. Two major, and ...

Welcome to the course page for Business Finance for Life Scientists This content is designed provide an overview of financial statements, and basic finance principles used in financial planning and decision making. The goal of this workshop is to help prepare scientists who want to start their own labs, and inform scientists who want to go into industry. This page includes the lecture videos, c...

We investigate how managerial ability affects the intentional distortion of financial statements (earnings management). On the one hand, better managers receive a compensation premium for their perceived ability, and to the extent that earnings management would tarnish their reputations, we expect them to manage earnings less. On the other hand, better managers may be more able to extract rents...

1 The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of the International Monetary Fund.