Persistent drought is not a unique phenomenon in East African countries, different research findings cite reasons for it, but the environmental problem currently major concern worldwide and country (EAC) an exception to this phenomenon; policymakers researchers are interested knowing cause order mitigate degradation support policies institutions sustainability. Therefore, study examines sustain...

Concern about the environmental impacts of transgenic crops is one of the major reasons for the EU’s quasi moratorium on GMOs (European Environment Council 1999). The contributions in this book show that the economic implications of these concerns are far-reaching and complex. At the centre of the theoretical framework for analysis stands the linear chain of agricultural biotechnology developme...

Reviews of evidence are a vital means of summarising growing bodies of research. Systematic reviews (SRs) aim to reduce bias and increase reliability when summarising high priority and controversial topics. Similar to SRs, systematic maps (SMs) were developed in social sciences to reliably catalogue evidence on a specific subject. Rather than providing answers to specific questions of impacts, ...

We evaluate the effects of state policy design features on SCHIP take-up rates and on the degree to which SCHIP benefits crowd out private benefits. The results indicate overall program take-up rates of approximately 10 percent. However, there is considerable heterogeneity across states, suggesting a potential role of inter-state variation in policy design. We find that several design mechanism...

In 1971, 44 percent of workers who had been currently entitled to social security disability insurance (DI) benefits for 1 year or more also received benefits from at least one other source. Their average disability insurance benefit was higher than that of persons who received only DI benefits. On the average, total benefits to those receiving multiple benefits were double the amounts paid to ...

BACKGROUND Disease has become one of the key causes of falling into poverty in rural China. The poor households are even more likely to suffer. The New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) has been implemented to provide rural residents financial protection against health risks. This study aims to assess the effect of the NCMS on alleviating health payment-induced poverty in the Shaanxi Province o...

Understanding how sterile worker castes in social insects first evolved is one of the supreme puzzles in social evolution. Here, we show that in the bee tribe Allodapini, the earliest societies did not entail a foraging worker caste, but instead comprised females sharing a nest with supersedure of dominance. Subordinates delayed foraging until they became reproductively active, whereupon they p...

The literature on environmental activism has failed to produce a model of individual decisionmaking explicitly linked to the logic of collective action. To remedy this problem, this paper adapts the collective interest model developed by Finkel, Muller, and Opp (1989) to explain protest behavior, and argues environmental activism is a function of citizen beliefs about collective benefits, the a...

Almost all the countries in the world are considering how they can respond to environmental problems through using eco-friendly processes and products. The supply chain is one of the main drivers causing significant environmental issues such as emissions. As a result, the idea of green supply chains have been consider to address these environmental problems through buyer–supplier alliances. In ...