One of the most important environmental and occupational pollutants is lead. Cytogenetic damage is known to occur to many individuals exposed to lead, e.g., outdoor and car painters, traffic policemen, gasoline station attendants, etc.1 Chronic lead exposure affects many organ systems leading to a gradual decline in the so-called safe blood lead levels over time.

This paper uses a micro-founded DSGE model to compare second-best optimal environmental policy and the resulting allocation to first-best allocation. The focus is on the source and size of uncertainty, and how this affects optimal choices and the inferiority of second best vis-à-vis first best.

Field independence (FI) has been found to correlate with a wide range of cognitive processes requiring cognitive restructuring. Cognitive restructuring, that is going beyond the information given by the setting, is pivotal in creating stable mental representations of the environment, the so-called "cognitive maps," and it affects visuo-spatial abilities underpinning environmental navigation. He...

The presentation gives an overview of present major changes in the environmental strategies and external premises for industrial environmental performance. Such changes are discussed in the lights of increasing waste and resource problems, the shift from environmental control to avoidance technologies, long-term perspectives and systems thinking, and the understanding of fundamental thermodynam...

Heavy metals are the source of substantial environmental and health problems. Vanadium pentaoxide (V2O5) is an environmental and industrial pollutant that affects body physiology via the food, drinking water and through the air. Toxicological study of V2O5, following acute (1day) and subacute (7, 14, 21 days) exposure, alter behaviour and serum biochemistry in Wistar rats in terms of significan...

The relationship between the environment and organizational designs has been a main focus for the past several decades, often with different and even opposing views. Through a computer simulation model, this study attempts to provide a coherent framework by exploring how environmental uncertainty affects organizational decision making performance in an open systems setting where organizations c...

The work presented here demonstrates the utility of a two-step algorithm for environmental poliovirus surveillance based on: preselection of sewage samples tested for the presence of enteroviral genetic material-RT-PCR assay and detection of infectious viruses by cell culture technique (L20B for polioviruses and RD for polio and other non-polio enteroviruses). RD and L20B cell lines were tested...

We study the costs and benefits of plasticity by evolving agents in environments with different rates of environmental change. Evolution allows both hard-coded strategies and learned strategies, with learning rates varying throughout life. We observe a range of change rates where the balance of costs and benefits are just right for evolving learning. Inside this range, we see two separate strat...

A major grand challenge in biology is to understand the interactions between an organism and its environment. Behavior resides in the central core of this association as it affects and is affected by development, physiology, ecological dynamics, environmental choice, and evolution. We present this central role of behavior in a diagram illustrating the multifaceted program emphasizing the necess...

Urban areas are hot spots that drive environmental change at multiple scales. Material demands of production and human consumption alter land use and cover, biodiversity, and hydrosystems locally to regionally, and urban waste discharge affects local to global biogeochemical cycles and climate. For urbanites, however, global environmental changes are swamped by dramatic changes in the local env...