This publication is devoted to various means of ensuring the collective rights of individuals to a healthy environment, and in particular to a special instrument of law, the actio popularis. The history of this dates back to ancient times, though its current forms are not identical with those of Roman law. This legal institution is used in many countries of the world, and not solely for environ...

1Radiation Protection of Public and Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain e-mail: [email protected] 2Biosphere Impact Studies, SCK-CEN, Mol, Belgium 3Chemicals and Radioactive Substances, Environment Agency, UK 4Russian Institute of Agricultural Radiology & Agroecology, Obninsk, Russia 5Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden 6Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS)...

Many popular programs, such as Netscape, use untrusted helper applications to process data from the network. Unfortunately, the unauthenticated network data they interpret could well have been created by an adversary, and the helper applications are usually too complex to be bug-free. This raises signi cant security concerns. Therefore, it is desirable to create a secure environment to contain ...

There is strong evidence that the interest rates charged by banks on the flow of newly extended Commercial & Industrial (C&I) loans predict future loan performance and CAMEL rating downgrades by bank supervisors. While internal risk ratings have little explanatory power for future loan performance, they do help predict future CAMEL downgrades. These findings suggest that supervisors might consi...

BACKGROUND Despite the use of a series of preventive measures, a high incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was observed among health care workers (HCWs) during the SARS epidemic. This study aimed to determine which preventive measures may have been effective in protecting HCWs from infection, and which were not effective. METHODS A retrospective study was performed among 758 ...

In recent decades, the momentum of global environmental protection has culminated in the Kyoto Agreement of 1998, placing the limelight on “green” issues. This paper argues that the protection of environmental systems involves a fragile balance between the costs of environment preservation and the profit motivations of industrialists. In particular, one of the issues that needs to be addressed ...

In recent years, scholars and policy makers have questioned the extent to which the nation-state – specifically, the modern welfare state, marked by intervention and publicly-provided social protection – is compatible with economic globalisation. While transnational actors, including multinational corporations, institutional investors, banks and non-governmental organisations, undoubtedly influ...

The 1980s have been characterized by record post-Depression bank failure rates, a record number of banks on the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's (FDIC's) problem bank list, and record losses to the FDIC in terms of total dollar losses and losses per dollar of failed bank assets. Moreover, as the cost and complexity of examining banks have risen it has become increasingly more difficult f...

BACKGROUND The common access to imaging methods based on ionizing radiation requires also radiation protection. The knowledge of ionizing radiation exposure risks among the medical staff is essential for planning diagnostic procedures and therapy. Evaluation of the knowledge of radiation safety during diagnostic procedures among the medical staff. MATERIAL/METHODS The study consisted of a que...