If You Are So Smart, Why Aren’t You an Entrepreneur? Returns to Cognitive and Social Ability: Entrepreneurs versus Employees How valuable are cognitive and social abilities for entrepreneurs’ incomes as compared to employees? We answer three questions: (1) To what extent does a composite measure of ability affect an entrepreneur's earnings relative to employees? (2) Do different cognitive abili...

We model entrepreneurship and the emergence of firms as a result of simultaneous bidding for labor services among heterogeneous agents. Unique to our approach is that occupational choices, job matching and organizational forms are determined simultaneously, so that the opportunity costs of entrepreneurs are accounted for. We find that (1) individuals who are relatively unmanageable become entre...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis rates in the world remain high, especially in low- and middle-income countries. International tuberculosis (TB) policy generally recommends the use of directly observed therapy (DOT) to ensure treatment adherence. OBJECTIVE This article examines a change in TB treatment support that occurred in 2005 in South Africa, from DOT to the enhanced TB adherence programme (ETA)...

Women entrepreneurs have significant contributions to the economies of sub-Saharan Africa. However, women in this region are facing a shocking array of challenges in their business environment. This paper examines the challenges facing women entrepreneurs in the food processing industry in Iringa, Tanzania. The study employs interviews and focus group discussions in collecting data and utilizes...

In many economies, wealth is strikingly concentrated. Entrepreneurs--individuals with ownership in for-profit enterprises--comprise a large portion of the wealthiest individuals, and their behavior may help explain patterns in the national distribution of wealth. Entrepreneurs are less diversified and more heavily invested in their own companies than is commonly assumed in economic models. We p...

Promoting Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries: Policy Challenges T RECENT ENTHUSIASM OF DONORS, DEVELOPMENT agencies and governments for promoting entrepreneurship as a route to development is perplexing. Entrepreneurs, called “heroes” by The Economist (14 March, 2009), appear upon closer scrutiny to be rather irrelevant and even impotent in many developing countries. Three decades ago, Na...

Entrepreneurs who start new firms may choose not-for-profit status as a means of committing to soft incentives. Such incentives protect donors, volunteers, consumers and employees from ex post expropriation of profits by the entrepreneur. We derive conditions under which completely self-interested entrepreneurs opt for not-for-profit status, despite the fact that this status limits their abilit...

Promoting Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries: Policy Challenges T RECENT ENTHUSIASM OF DONORS, DEVELOPMENT agencies and governments for promoting entrepreneurship as a route to development is perplexing. Entrepreneurs, called “heroes” by The Economist (14 March, 2009), appear upon closer scrutiny to be rather irrelevant and even impotent in many developing countries. Three decades ago, Na...

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system. By drawing on two unique data sets – the Forum's Global Competitiveness Index and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor's assessment of entrepreneurial activity – the report takes a nuanced stance on the prevalence and type...

entrepreneurship has long history in human life and related studies have been conducted primarily in scientific circles by industrialized countries. however, this topic has been discussed recently in our country. the main objective of this study was to assess the behavioral and personality characteristics of entrepreneurship in order to identify entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs of dairy catt...