نتایج جستجو برای: entrance surface dose esd
تعداد نتایج: 943423 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
I ncreasing diagnostic and therapeutic applications of X-ray in medicine will potentially enhance the radiation dose received by the radiologists; this is of more importance when they perform especial procedures. Although the tube collimator will prevent the exposure of radiologists from primary radiation beam, the scattered radiation from the patients body will constitute a potential source o...
The ratio of oxygen atoms to ions (O /O +) generated during electron stimulated desorption (ESD) from V20 s and oxidized V foil has been investigated. Desorbates were probed directly with high resolution quadrupole mass spectrometry. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used as an indirect probe to measure the ESD induced surface oxygen loss. Despite the number of ESD target preparation methods...
This study presents the results from a survey conducted by the Greek Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), during the period 1998-2003, in 530 public and private owned fluoroscopic X-ray systems in Greece. Certain operational parameters for conventional and remote control systems were assessed, according to a quality control protocol developed by GAEC on the basis of the current literature. Public (...
Introduction: Nowadays, we are witnessing an exponential use of interventional radiology techniques in different communities. After CT, interventional techniques are the second factor of increasing patients’ doses in different societies. Measuring patient doses from aforementioned methods has been recommended by many radiation protection professional organizations such as ICRP...
This paper presents electrical methods used to measure and analyze the operation of ESD protection circuits built into every lead of an Integrated Circuit (IC). These circuits clamp voltage threats to sensitive core circuits which enter through each connections to the outside world. Representative samples of each IC are tested for their ESD immunity level to insure a minimum level of protection...
Background and purpose: In-vivo dosimetry is used to ensure accurate delivery of dose to tumors during radiotherapy. This study aimed at measuring the entrance doses without the build-up cap for patients undergoing 15MV radiotherapy and determining the percentage errors between doses measured by films and those calculated with a treatment planning system (TPS). Materials and methods: The stu...
has recently been developed for endoscopic treatment of colorectal polyps, enabling en bloc resection regardless of size and shape [1,2]. However, it is often difficult to retrieve a large resected colorectal specimen after ESD without damage to the specimen by the anal sphincter muscle. Here, we report an effective technique to retrieve a large colorectal resected specimen after ESD without da...
A new electrostatic discharge (ESD) implantation method is proposed to significantly improve ESD robustness of CMOS integrated circuits in subquarter-micron CMOS processes, especially the machine-model (MM) ESD robustness. By using this method, the ESD current is discharged far away from the surface channel of nMOS, therefore the nMOS (both single nMOS and stacked nMOS) can sustain a much highe...
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