Nineteen enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains of serogroup O78, isolated in different geographical areas from humans with diarrheal diseases, were tested for their ability to transfer enterotoxin production. All of the strains originally produced heat-labile enterotoxin, and 16 also produced heat-stable enterotoxin and colonization factor antigen I. Plasmids coding for the production of hea...

Background: Zot (Zonula occludens toxin) is one of the secretion toxins of Vibrio cholerae in small intestine that binds to certain receptors in the epithelial cells and causes a change in the structure of tight junction. The purpose of this research is rapid detection of zot enterotoxin gene using PCR. Materials and Methods: The genomic DNA was extracted by DNA isolation kit and gene amplific...

OBJECTIVE Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) causes a potentially lethal disease named cholera. The cholera enterotoxin (CT) is a major virulence factor of V. cholerae. In addition to CT, V. cholerae produces other putative toxins, such as the zonula occludens toxin (Zot) and accessory cholera enterotoxin (Ace). The ace gene is the third gene of the V. cholerae virulence cassette. The Ace toxin alte...

By using counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin was successfully demonstrated in fecal samples collected within 1 day of attack from sick individuals involved in a bacteriologically and epidemiologically proven outbreak of C. perfringens food poisoning. In contrast, enterotoxin was not demonstrable in fecal samples of apparently healthy individuals both at high...

The genes for a new enterotoxin were cloned from Escherichia coli SA53. The new toxin was heat labile and activated adenylate cyclase but was not neutralized by antisera against cholera toxin or E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin. Subcloning and minicell experiments indicated that the toxin is composed of two polypeptide subunits that are encoded by two genes. The two toxin subunits exhibited mobi...

Staphylococcal enterotoxin A is well known as a superantigen and able to be used for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, recombinant Staphylococcal enterotoxin A was genetically conjugated to epidermal growth factor to produce a chimeric protein recombinant Staphylococcal enterotoxin A-epidermal growth factor expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant Staphylococcal enterotoxin A-epidermal...

The enterotoxin of Shigella dysenteriae I produces fluid and electrolyte secretion in the rabbit ileum. These present studies were designed to evaluate nonelectrolyte transport in rabbit ileal mucosa exposed to Shigella enterotoxin. Both 10 mM galactose and 5 mM L-alanine absorptions were significantly impaired in enterotoxin-exposed ileal mucosa compared with control mucosa. L-Alanine influx w...

Anti-enterotoxin immunoglobulins immobilized on CH-Sepharose or CNBr-Sepharose were used for affinity chromatography purification of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. Cell extracts containing enterotoxin or partially purified toxin preparations were applied to the column and nonspecifically-bound protein was eluted. NaOH was used to elute specifically bound toxin. The purity of enterotoxin p...

The superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) binds to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules at two sites on either side of the peptide groove. Two separate but cooperative interactions to the human class II molecule HLA-DR1 were detected. The first high affinity interaction to the DR1 beta chain is mediated by a zinc atom coordinated by H187, H225, and D227 in SEA and...