BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is a significant cause of bacterial enteritis worldwide. Very little is known about the pathogenicity mechanisms and virulence factors of this important enteropathogen. C. jejuni isolates from 166 Finnish patients, collected from July to December in 2006, were studied for the presence of putative virulence factors and susceptibility to antimicrobials. Isolates we...

BACKGROUND Wasting is a major complication of HIV infection. The role of malabsorption in wasting is controversial. AIMS To assess oral intake and malabsorption in a cohort of weight losing HIV infected patients, with or without chronic diarrhoea. METHODS A prospective study using a predefined protocol for HIV infected patients was performed in a gastroenterology and nutrition unit in a uni...

We retrospectively analyzed a rare Salmonella enterica serovar Manhattan outbreak that occurred in Italy in 2009 to evaluate the potential of new genomic tools based on differential single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis in comparison with the gold standard genotyping method, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A total of 39 isolates were analyzed from patients (n=15) and food, feed, anima...

AIM In this study, the prevalence of C. difficile, from patients with gastrointestinal complaints and its association with other enteropathogen microbes were investigated. BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile is an important pathogen associated with outbreaks of pseudomembranous colitis and other intestinal disorders, such as diarrhea. PATIENTS AND METHODS Enterotoxin and cytotoxin (toxin A and...

1190. Relationship Between Enteropathogen and Acute Gastroenteritis Disease Severity: A Prospective Cohort Study Stephen Freedman, MDCM, MSc; Jianling Xie, MD, MPH; Alberto Nettel-Aguirre, PhD, PStat; Bonita Lee, MD MSc (Epi); Linda Chui, MD; Xiao-Li Pang, PhD; Ran Zhuo, PhD; Brendon Parsons, PhD; Otto G. Vanderkooi, MD; Phillip Tarr, MD, FIDSA; Samina Ali, MDCM; James A. Dickinson, MBBS, PhD; ...

The bacterial enteropathogen Salmonella typhimurium employs a type III secretion system to inject bacterial toxins into the host cell cytosol. These toxins transiently activate Rho family GTP-binding protein-dependent signaling cascades to induce cytoskeletal rearrangements. One of these translocated Salmonella toxins, SopE, can activate Cdc42 in a Dbl-like fashion despite its lack of sequence ...

BACKGROUND Oral polio vaccine (OPV) and rotavirus vaccine (RV) exhibit poorer performance in low-income settings compared to high-income settings. Prior studies have suggested an inhibitory effect of concurrent non-polio enterovirus (NPEV) infection, but the impact of other enteric infections has not been comprehensively evaluated. METHODS In urban Bangladesh, we tested stools for a broad ran...

The Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins are a superfamily of secreted virulence factors that share structural and functional similarities and possess potent superantigenic activity causing disruptions in adaptive immunity. The enterotoxins can be separated into two groups; the classical (SEA-SEE) and the newer (SEG-SElY and counting) enterotoxin groups. Many members from both these groups contri...

The aim of the study was to determine the rates of detection of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains among children in two randomly-selected populations in Iran. In total, 1,292 randomly-selected faecal samples from children aged less than 10 years were screened for EPEC and STEC. Of the 1,292 cases participated in the study, 184 had diarrhoe...

Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 is a gram-negative enteropathogen that infects animals and humans. The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Y. enterocolitica O:9 pathogenesis, however, remains unclear. The O:9 LPS consists of lipid A to which is linked the inner core oligosaccharide, serving as an attachment site for both the outer core (OC) hexasaccharide and the O-polysaccharide (OPS; a h...