The effect of high tibial osteotomy on the upper tibial venous pattern in primary painful osteoarthritis of the knee joint was studied by preoperative and three to six months postoperative intraosseous phlebograms. The normal phlebographic pattern was established by phlebograms in five patients with normal knees. The preoperative engorgement, tortuosity of the medullary sinusoids, and slow dye ...

AIM The spinal cord is drained by three interconnected venous systems. Among them the extrinsic system of dorsal thoracolumbar region with its radicular communications liable to get injured due anatomical position. With increasing case reports post puncture hematomas, revisiting intrathecal has become a necessity. MATERIAL AND METHODS In tertiary teaching institution, 25 adult cadavers were dis...

In addition to reproductive rates and generation times, local parasite adaptation is predicted to be associated with relative host/parasite migration rates, parasite virulence and local resource levels. We tested for local parasite adaptation in a spatially structured natural host–parasite system with fluctuating host resources. Using a cross-fostering design replicated over 2 years, we exchang...

The central issue dealt with here is the role of copulation in the control of feeding behaviour in ticks and some haematophagous insects. Female ticks of the family Ixodidae normally engorge to approximately 100 x their unfed body weight, and then drop from the host, produce and lay eggs, and die. Virgins, on the other hand, normally do not exceed 5-40% (depending on species) of the normal engo...