this study aimed to develop and validate an instrument to evaluate english language teachers’ lesson plan- ning self-concept. to this end, 30 english teachers were asked to prepare a sample lesson plan and 15 of them were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. a tentative questionnaire including six fac- tors namely: classroom management, lesson planning conformity, planning eff...

the development of materials for language teaching has been retraced from different perspectives. for example, some have identified influences of a social view on designing course books and compiling materials for language classes. the purpose of this article is to focus on the specific case of elt material, its design and priorities in the context of iran. this article also offers a detailed a...

literature is the aesthetic manifestation of language. it is ‘as old as human language and as new as tomorrow’s sunrise.’ this paper explores the interrelationships between language and literature from 600 ad to the present day.  the grammar of present-day english is closely related to that of old english with the same tense formation and word orders. the verse unit is a single line and its org...

Code-switching (CS), an alternation between two or more languages or language varieties, has long been researched in language education. A great number of studies by applied linguists have explored the reasons for, and the potential usages of code-switching in foreign language education over the past years. This study explores the perceptions of English language learners across various proficie...

learner autonomy has become the area of interest by many researchers of foreign language learning in the recent years. however, few studies have been done concerning the case of kurdish learners` autonomy in learning languages. for this reason, the current study addresses this gap. it intends to investigate to what extent kurdish learners are autonomous in learning english language. the study i...

ESL students who write in English may present written material in a rhetorical and organizational mode that reflects the pattern which is valued in their native culture and rhetoric. Considering the violation of English code of writing in the writings of Iranian students, we will notice one common characteristic: They are reluctant (or ignorant of) to write a unified paragraph. Their writing co...

introduction: citation analysis reflects the extent to which published work has been recognized in the scientific community. the purpose of this study was to characterize the most cited publications in travel medicine.methods: travel medicine articles indexed on scopus which had been published in the english language through 2016 were retrieved independently by two researchers using various sea...