It is claimed that Internet technology offers governments the opportunity to engage citizens online and bridge the growing gap between citizens and the state. In the current climate of citizen disengagement this is a potentially important prospect. Academic studies into e-government tend to follow a well-trodden path of technology acceptance, citizens’ willingness and ability to use public serv...

For graphene to be used in semiconductor applications, a 'wide energy gap' of at least 0.5 eV at the Dirac energy must be opened without the introduction of atomic defects. However, such a wide energy gap has not been realized in graphene, except in the cases of narrow, chemically terminated graphene nanostructures with inevitable edge defects. Here, we demonstrated that a wide energy gap of 0....

The concept of energy gap(s) is useful for understanding the consequence of a small daily, weekly, or monthly positive energy balance and the inconspicuous shift in weight gain ultimately leading to overweight and obesity. Energy gap is a dynamic concept: an initial positive energy gap incurred via an increase in energy intake (or a decrease in physical activity) is not constant, may fade out w...

We construct extremal, spherically symmetric black hole solutions to 4D supergravity with charge assignments that preclude BPS-saturation. In particular, we determine the ground state energy as a function of charges and moduli. We find that the mass of the non-BPS black hole remains that of a marginal bound state of four basic constituents throughout the entire moduli space and that there is al...

*Correspondence: Lain-Jong Li , Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166 Taipei, 10617, Taiwan e-mail: [email protected] The electronic and optical properties of transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials are directly governed by their energy gap; thus, band-gap engineering has become an important topic recently. Theoretical and some experimenta...

Prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is likely generated at early stages of the ejecta expansion, possibly by internal shocks. The γ-ray front overtakes the ejecta and sweeps the ambient medium. As a result a gap is opened between the ejecta and the medium that surfs the front ahead. Effectively, the ejecta move in a cavity until they reach a radius Rgap ≈ 3 × 1015E 53 cm where E is the i...

Modifications to polar-gap models for pulsars are discussed for the case where the surface magnetic field, BS, of the neutron star is strong. For B ∼ 4× 10 T, the curvature γ-quanta emitted tangentially to the curved force lines of the magnetic field are captured near the threshold of bound pair creation and are channelled along the magnetic field as bound electron-positron pairs (positronium)....

2014 The rf-power dependence of the structure in the current-voltage characteristic located at the voltage V = (2 0394 ± nhv)/me has been measured and found very similar to the familiar microwave-assisted tunneling (m = 1). 2 0394 is the superconducting energy gap, v the applied frequency, m = 1, 2, 3, ... and n = 0, 1, 2, ... That is, the variation with power of all these structures is found c...