The implementation of economic projects by targeting the subsidies can have a great effect on the cost competitiveness of the industries and their products. The global steel industry has been considered as a basic key industry in the industrialized countries. It is also among the industries that may be seriously affected by the enforcement of subsidies. This industry, requiring energy and high-...

Climate change mitigation and security of energy supply are important targets of Austrian energy policy. Bioenergy production based on resources from agriculture and forestry is an important option to attain these targets. In order to increase the share of bioenergy, supporting policy instruments are necessary. The cost-effectiveness of these instruments in attaining policy targets depends on t...

An interdisciplinary bridge is proposed between principles of collective behavior in biological systems, particularly bicycle pelotons, and the economic phenomenon called the rebound effect. Two main equivalencies are proposed between aspects of peloton dynamics and aspects of energy service efficiencies and the rebound effect. Firstly, a threshold whereby weaker cyclists, up to maximal capacit...

small-scale dairy farming in bangladesh is constrained mostly due to acute shortage, high price and seasonal fluctuation of energy and protein supplements. poor economic conditions of dairy farmers do not allow them to purchase adequate conventional energy and protein supplements. locally available non-conventional energy and protein sources can be used as alternatives, cheaper than conventiona...

E xecutive compensation is a topic that has received attention both in the media and the academic literature. This article discusses issues relevant to the construction and interpretation of compensation …gures typically reported in both sources. First, it is not clear what precisely should be included within a measure of the chief executive o¢ cer’s (CEO’s) income tied to his …rm. Second, the ...

The advances of the information and communication technology (ICT) brought changes in the energy distribution domain, introducing the Smart Grid (SG). In SG, generators, distributors, and consumers communicate in a bidirectional way. SGs are envisaged to include micro-grids (MG) consisting of distributed control networks of consumers, producers, and the power grid. Two-way communication in MGs ...