The variation of the energy spectrum of n±i±p±i crystals under excitation was examined and the influence of the reduction of the screening length on the ratio between the coefficient of diffusion and the mobility of the current carriers was established. It is shown that the filling of subband states by carriers results in an anomalous behaviour of the diffusivity±mobility ratio. The effect occu...

We experimentally demonstrate ultrafast all-optical modulation using a micrometer-sized silicon photonic integrated device. The device transmission is strongly modulated by photoexcited carriers generated by low-energy pump pulses. A p-i-n junction is integrated on the structure to permit control of the generated carrier lifetimes. When the junction is reverse biased, carriers are extracted fro...

Renewable energy will play a crucial role in the future society of the 21st century. The various renewable energy sources need to be balanced and their use carefully planned since they are characterized by high temporal and spatial variability that will pose challenges to maintaining a well balanced supply and to the stability of the grid. This article examines the ways that future 'energy land...

Background: Gold nanoparticles are emerging as promising agents for cancer therapy and are being investigated as drug carriers, photothermal agents, contrast agents and radiosensitisers.Objective: The aim of this study is to understand characteristics of secondary electrons generated from interaction of gold nanoparticles GNPs with x-rays as a function of nanoparticle size and beam energy and ...

Executive Summary The electrodiagnostic medicine (EDX) evaluation is an important and useful extension of the clinical evaluation of patients with disorders of the peripheral and/or central nervous system. EDX tests are often crucial to evaluating symptoms, arriving at a proper diagnosis, and in following a disease process and its response to treatment in patients with neuromuscular (NM) disord...

In x-ray imaging detectors, the signal generated in a detector element is proportional to the number of secondary carriers (such as optical photons or electronhole pairs) generated in the x-ray convertor. Furthermore, the location and statistics of secondary carriers are directly related to the absorbed x-ray energy. Even under monochromatic exposure conditions, there will be a distribution of ...

Renewable energy power plants and transport heating electrification projects are being deployed to enable the replacement of fossil fuels as primary source. This transition encourages distributed generation but makes grid more weather-dependent, thus reducing its inertia. Simultaneously, electrical network operators face voltage, frequency, stability challenges at distribution level. Networks w...