Two new endemic Hawai'ian Lepidoptera species are herein described. The first, Pseudoschrankia brevipalpis sp. nov., is a pollinator of the rare endemic plant Schiedea kaalae Wawra. The second, Thyrocopa keliae sp. nov., is endemic to Moloka'i island. Observations of undescribed parasitic mites that attack Hawai'ian Lepidoptera are presented as well.

  Two hundred forty seven species of parasites from Iranian freshwater fishes are presented in this synopsis. The parasites were recorded from infestations in fish from different parts of the country and summarized according to host species, organs were the parasite infestations occurred, province, faunal region and reference numbers. The following aspects of parasite infestations were a...

Silene is represented by c. 110 species in flora of Iran which growing mainly in the mountainous areas. During several expeditions to different regions of Iran (Tehran, Semnan, Kerman, Kermanshah and Kohgiluyeh va Boyer-Ahmad Provinces) some interesting specimens were collected. S. caucasica, is introduced as a new record for the flora of Iran. Five interesting and very restricted Iranian endem...

Endemic species are those that exist at only one location or area on Earth. They tend to be more numerous in habitats that are distinctly different from the surrounding areas. The Great Sand Dunes harbor at least seven endemic species of insects. Many of the insects here are ‘sand obligates’, meaning that they are adapted uniquely for sandy habitats. Currently, just over 1,000 different kinds o...

Amphibians are a disproportionately threatened group of vertebrates, the status of which in Sub-Saharan Africa is still uncertain, with heterogeneous fauna punctuated by mountains. Mount Oku, Cameroon is one such mountain, which holds many endemic and restricted-range species. The history of amphibian research on Mt Oku, current knowledge on biogeography and conservation biology is reviewed, in...

New Caledonia is a biodiversity hotspot, with an extremely high number of endemic species with narrow distribution ranges that are at high risk of extinction due to open-cast nickel mining, invasive species and seasonal man-induced fires. Mentions of micro-endemism permeate the literature on the biota of this archipelago. However, so far there has been no research comparing distribution range i...

Scorzonera incisa, known as an endemic plant to Turkey, has been collected from West Azarbayejan Province, NW. Iran. The species is reported for the first time from the country; it is very similar to Scorzonera calyculata, which is distributed in the western half of Iran and east of Iraq. However, with regard to the particular shape of the achenes of Scorzonera incisa, this species could be sep...

Islands host a high percentage of endemic species due to their ecosystems having evolved in isolation [1]. In the absence of natural predators and resistance to alien diseases, the flora and fauna of islands are considered more fragile than mainland species and prone to impacts from non-native species [2]. The ecosystems of the Hawaiian Islands, one of the world’s most isolated archipelagos, ha...

BACKGROUND Recent climatic history has strongly impacted plant populations, but little is known about its effect on microbes. Alders, which host few and specific symbionts, have high genetic diversity in glacial refugia. Here, we tested the prediction that communities of root symbionts survived in refugia with their host populations. We expected to detect endemic symbionts and a higher species ...