Lyme disease and relapsing fever are caused by various Borrelia species. Lyme disease borreliae, the most common vector-borne pathogens in both the U.S. and Europe, are transmitted by Ixodes ticks and disseminate from the site of tick bites to tissues leading to erythema migrans skin rash, arthritis, carditis, and neuroborreliosis. Relapsing fever borreliae, carried by ticks and lice, trigger r...

Background: Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an acute tick-borne viral, zoonotic disease with hemorrhagic manifestations and considerable mortality in humans. The purpose of this study was to introduce CCHF as a case report from Babol, north of Iran. It is known as an endemic pathogen in some regions of Iran.Case presentation: We present a case of CCHF suffering from sudden onset of fe...

BACKGROUND It is not uncommon that a child with a febrile illness of unknown etiology is admitted to the hospital. When the complete blood count reveals a pancytopenia, the diagnostic process can be a real challenge. CASE PRESENTATION A 13-year girl of Arab-Berber descent presented with abdominal pain and fever after a holiday in northwestern Morocco. A complete blood count revealed a pancyto...

BACKGROUND The ongoing drought in sub-Saharan countries has led to the colonisation of west African Savanna by Ornithodoros sonrai; this tick acts as a vector for Borrelia crocidurae, which causes tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF). Our aim was to ascertain the incidence of TBRF in west Africa. METHODS From 1990 to 2003, we monitored the incidence of TBRF in Dielmo, Senegal, by daily clinical ...

The pathogenic spirochetes Borrelia burgdorferi, B. hermsii, B. recurrentis, Treponema denticola and Leptospira spp. are the etiologic agents of Lyme disease, relapsing fever, periodontitis and leptospirosis, respectively. Lyme borreliosis is a multi-systemic disorder and the most prevalent tick-borne disease in the northern hemisphere. Tick-borne relapsing fever is persistent in endemic areas ...

Dengue fever is a flavivirus infection transmitted through infected mosquitoes, and is endemic in Southeast Asia, Central and South America, the Pacific, Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean region. A 41-year-old male patient had visual impairment after travelling to Thailand, which is one of the endemic areas. Cotton wool spots were observed on fundus examination. Fundus fluorescein angiograph...

distant resemblances to yellow fever, to icterohsemorrhagic jaundice and to the relapsing fevers; to its proved Acdes (Stegomyia) transmission (Cleland, Bradley and McDonald, 1916; and Chandler and Rice, 1923) and possible Calex transmission (Graham, 1903; Craig, 1907); to the very considerable volume of experimental work upon the virus of dengue attended with negative results,?which might be c...