An individual's risk of infection from an infectious agent can depend on both the individual's own risk and protective factors and those of individuals in the same community. We hypothesize that an individual's exposure to an infectious agent is associated with the risks of infection of those living nearby, whether their risks are modified by pharmaceutical interventions or by other factors, be...

BACKGROUND To compare epidemiological data between recurrent cases after cure (RC), distinguishing relapse from reinfection, after dropout (RD) and new cases (NC) in an ambulatory setting in a TB-endemic country. METHODS Records of patients who started treatment for pulmonary TB between 2004 and 2010 in a TB clinic were reviewed. Epidemiological data were analyzed. Spoligotyping and MIRU patt...

Iodine is an essential micronutrient for human health. Its deficiency causes a number of functional and developmental abnormalities such as goitre. The limestone region of Derbyshire, UK was goitre-endemic until it declined from the 1930s and the reason for this has escaped a conclusive explanation. The present study investigates the cause(s) of goitre in the UK-Peak District area through an as...

The family Threskiornithidae includes 13 genera and 32 species, and it is traditionally divided into 2 subfamilies: Plataleinae and Threskiornithinae. We present a phylogenetic reconstruction to test the monophyly of currently accepted subfamilies, including 15 species from both subfamilies and 10 genera of family Threskiornithidae. Phylogenetic trees were inferred on the basis of the mitochond...

Hydatid disease is an endemic illness in some countries. The main sites of involvement are the liver and lungs, but rarely, it can be seen in other organs as well. Herein, we report a case of primary adrenal hydatid cyst accompanied by arterial hypertension.