Kahneman and Tversky's (1979) "prospect theory" has demonstrated that the way in which a decision problem is formulated, or "framed," can have strong and predictable effects on the perceived attractiveness of the options it offers. At times, the relative attractiveness of two options may be reversed as the result of a reframing that should make no difference at all, according to traditional eco...

As the community corrections system has moved away from a focus on rehabilitation, it has been suggested that criminal offenders are no longer understood psychologically, but rather as rational actors for whom criminality is a choice. Rehabilitative efforts thus aim to guide these choices. Utilizing mixed methodology that draws on observational, interview, and case note data collected within th...

Norms have become a promising mechanism to ensure that open multi-agent systems (MASs) produce a desirable social outcome. MASs can be defined as societies in which autonomous agents work to achieve both societal and individual goals. Norms regulate the behavior of agents by defining permissions, obligations and prohibitions, as well as encouraging and discouraging the fulfillment of norms thro...

Prosociality is considered a virtue. Those who care for others are admired, whereas those who care only for themselves are despised. For one's reputation, it pays to be nice. Does it pay to be even nicer? Four experiments assess reputational inferences across the entire range of prosocial outcomes in zero-sum interactions, from completely selfish to completely selfless actions. We observed cons...

A ’soft’ control of the network activity through varying reward in a proof-of-work (PoW) cryptocurrency is reported. Rewards are the necessity to incent the contributors’ activities (i.e., mining) in order to maintain the PoW network. Contrary to constant rewarding in a certain period implemented in most of cryptocurrency, such as bitcoin, we propose a network-dependent rewarding model system, ...

Empirical support is presented for the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA), a broad-spectrum cognitive-behavioral treatment for substance use disorders. At the core of CRA is the belief that an individual's environment can play a powerful role in encouraging or discouraging drinking and drug use. Consequently, it attempts to rearrange contingencies so that sober behavior is more rewarding th...

In interactive narratives, experience management is used to control the world and NPCs a player interacts with, encouraging particular types of stories or discouraging others. The space all in narrative can be understood as story graph, with states nodes actions directed edges. this paper, we present graph pruning problem. Starting full edges representing NPC may pruned until there at most one ...