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the role being played by bureaucracy in today's organizational style of life, is and has been a matter of sudy for prominent academic works, whether at the time it was put on the politico- administrative scence of the modern states by peerless works of max weber or when was a nameless manner in periods of the ancient great empires. this constant company of the political systems, - bureaucr...

I nterview with Michael A. Reynolds, Director of the Program in Russian, East European and Eurasian Studies Associate Professor Department Near Eastern Princeton University, USA Reynolds is an American historian political analyst. His teaching research range over geography Middle Eurasia covers themes empire, international relations, nationalism, geopolitics, ethnic confl ict, religion culture. ...

Abstract The Habsburg monarchy seems doubly confounding. Its historians call it an empire, but actually never called itself that. For a fraction of its existence (1804–67), the counted as Kaisertum, word meant to burnish fading glory lost imperial title (of Holy Roman Empire). But rulers evinced self-confident aggressiveness or desire exploit distant territories that characterized British Russi...

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview the geopolitical status Upper Tigris area in antiquity, with a special focus on period between ca. 401 BCE and 6th century CE. Despite popular impression that had distinctly Armenian character, closer look at its history shows it was rather territory many local entities neighboring countries periodically fought possess. This strategically signific...