A naturalized model of rationality is developed, with a focus on an important but largely neglected aspect: knowledge of error, or ‘‘negative’’ knowledge. The development of knowledge of what counts as error occurs via a kind of internal variation and selection, or quasi-evolutionary, process. Processes of reflection generate a hierarchy of principles of error, a hierarchy that frames and const...

There is significant covariation between internalizing and externalizing behavior, although there is also evidence that internalizing behavior is a protective factor against externalizing behavior. Several researchers have posited that the examination of the relationship between temperament or personality and behavior problems may help explain these seemingly contradictory results. Specifically...

Gray has drawn upon genetic evidence to argue for the existence of rodent emotionality, a model of human neuroticism. With the advent of molecular mapping techniques it has become possible to test this hypothesis. Here I review the progress that has been made, largely in animal genetic studies, demonstrating that a common set of genes act pleiotropically on measures of emotionality. More recent...

We present an experimental tool that tests the effect of emotionality (psychological valence, arousal and dominance) of a word meaning or a picture content on the approach-avoidance motivational systems. A participant is presented with a slider with a schematic human figure in the middle and a word/picture at the top or bottom of the slider. The instruction is to use the computer mouse to move ...

This study examined whether temperamental traits and sex moderate the effects of peer victimization on children's adjustment over a year to identify factors that put victimized children at heightened risk for adjustment difficulties. Children (N = 282; M age = 7.94 years, SD = 0.32) and teachers reported on exposure to peer victimization. Parents provided ratings of children's temperament (i.e....

The paper discusses rationality and decision making with a critical reflection on decisions by employees to quit jobs set up fragile, micro, rival businesses. This is common phenomenon in management consulting businesses especially emerging economies, where the demand for consultancy services ballooning. concepts of factors that influence were discussed. Rationality irrationality within context...

The main personality theories are those of Cloninger (1987), Eysenck (1987), Costa & McCrae (1990) and Watson et al (1994); and the circumflex models of Wiggins (1979) and Kiesler (1982), the latter being a circular arrangement of interpersonal dispositions around the orthogonal dimensions of dominance (v. submission) and nurturance (v. hostility). Broadly, the first four models encompass three...

rational knowledge-claims, consisting of theoretical propositions expressing a judgment about complex urban problems, are not new. the audiences, i.e. the public whose lives are affected by such claims, have begun to question the claims of rationality in urban planning. in response, each urban planner, believing in a particular theory or point of reference, endeavors to challenge competing theo...