The embryotoxic potential of ochratoxin A and citrinin was studied after administering, either subgerminally or intraamniotically, single mounting doses of the mycotoxins to chicken embryos on days 2, 3, and 4. The beginning of the embryotoxicity dose range was found to be between 0.01 to 0.05 microgram for ochratoxin A and 1 to 10 micrograms for citrinin. The maximum response to both mycotoxin...

The pathogenesis of eye anomalies induced by exposure to Ni2+ (as nickel chloride) during embryogenesis was studied in the frog, Xenopus laevis. Eyes of control and Ni(2+)-exposed tadpoles were examined without staining using a dissecting microscope, by light microscopy of histological sections, and by electron microscopy. The ocular abnormalities of Ni(2+)-exposed tadpoles included (a) microph...

We collected female greater scaup (Aythya marila) on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska during two breeding seasons to determine if concentrations of 18 trace elements in livers and eggs were elevated and if hepatic concentrations correlated with body condition or affected reproductive status. Fifty-six percent, 5%, and 42% of females, respectively, had elevated hepatic cadmium (Cd: >3 microg g(...

I Introduction What is the epistemic significance of discovering that one of your beliefs depends on an irrelevant causal factor? Suppose that you have a relatively high degree of belief in some proposition. Suppose that you then come to learn that your belief was (in part) caused by an irrelevant factor, a factor that does not bear on the truth of the proposition or on your possession of evide...

This material is covered in Cormen, Leiserson, Rivest and Smith “Introduction to Algorithms” — Appendix C. You can also look at the lecture notes for MIT course 6.042 Mathematics for Computer Science by Lehman and Leighton on http://theory.lcs.mit.edu/∼e lehman/mathcs.pdf — Chapters 18 to 24. (See also http://theory.lcs.mit.edu/classes/6.042/spring05/) You should also take a look at Trevisan’s ...

Pharmacognosy Research,2021,13,3,135-139.DOI:10.5530/pres.13.3.5Published:June 2021Type:Original ArticleAuthors:Thiago Felix da Silva, Maria Isabel de Assis Lima Castro, Marta Gerusa Soares Lucena, Camilla Vila Nova Laisla Rangel Peixoto, Eliane Alves Bandeira Carvalho, Silvania Tavares Paz, Beathryz Lethycya Almeida Guimarães, José Barbosa Filho, and Eliete Cavalcanti Silva Author(s) affiliati...

A bold new effort to disrupt every gene in the mouse genome necessitates systematic, interdisciplinary approaches to analyzing patterning defects in the mouse embryo. We present a novel, rapid, and inexpensive method for obtaining high-resolution virtual histology for phenotypic assessment of mouse embryos. Using osmium tetroxide to differentially stain tissues followed by volumetric X-ray comp...

Despite its medical use, little is known about the mechanisms underlying amikacin-induced embryotoxicity, including fin reduction, in zebrafish. In this study, we examined the expression of well-known autophagy markers mTOR (target of rapamycin), atg10 (autophagy-related gene), atg12 and LC3 (mammalian homolog of Atg8) in amikacin-treated zebrafish embryos. Our results indicated that the mRNA e...