alzheimer disease (ad) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. increasing evidence suggests that alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is not restricted to the neuronal compartment, but includes strong interactions with immunological mechanisms in the brain. in vitro and animal studies have linked neuroinflammation to alzheimer's disease (ad) pathology. studie...

Many diseases are related to cerebrospinal .uid (CSF) hydrodynamics. Therefore, understanding the hydrodynamics of CSF .ow and intracranial pressure is helpful for obtaining deeper knowledge of pathological processes and providing better treatments. Furthermore, engineering a reliable computational method is promising approach for fabricating in vitro models which is essential for inventing gen...

Background and Aims GM-CSF-dependent macrophage polarization has been demonstrated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our aim was to seek diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for undifferentiated (UA) by analyzing GM-CSF expression source, density joints of patients with UA evolving RA or PsA compared established PsA, respectively. Methods Synovial tissue (ST) from (UA>RA, n=8), (UA>PsA, n...

objective bacterial meningitis is still a life threatening epidemiological problem especially in many developing countries; considering its dire consequences, its prompt and accurate diagnosis has become a priority for clinicians. because of the various limitations of conventionally used laboratory techniques, we evaluated and compared the diagnostic utility of c-reactive protein(crp) and lacta...

introduction: stem cell biology has been the subject of much recent discussion. embryonic stem (es) cells, derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst stage of early mammalian embryos are expected to become a powerful tool in future regenerative medicine and developmental biology due to their capacity of self-renewal and pluripotency. in the present study, the ultrastructural development...

the use of quantum dots (qdots) as bright and photostable probes for long-term fluorescence imaging is gaining more interest. thus far, (pre)clinical use of qdots remains limited, which is primarily caused by the potential toxicity of qdots. most qdots consist of cd2+ ions, which are known to cause high levels of toxicity. therefore, the cytotoxic effects of cdse quantum dots on embryonic devel...

abstract life-threatening infections caused by the encapsulated fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans have been increasing steadily over the past 10 years. cryptococcus neoformans is recognized as the most frequent fungal infection of the central nervous system (cns) in immunocompetent as well as immunocompromised patients. we report the development of a semi-nested- pcr-based assay for the d...

Background: Survival of Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is considerably stage-dependent therefore, early diagnosis is a pivotal factor in decreasing mortality and morbidity associated with this cancer. GM-CSF and IL-7 are reported to increase in different cancers and we aim to investigate the pre-treatment serum levels of GM-CSF and IL-7 in Iranian patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: ...

introduction: in some intoxicated patients, cerebrospinal fluid (csf) is examined due to the prolonged loss of consciousness, focal neurologic findings, and fever of unknown origin. we aimed to evaluate the probable relationship between the different toxicity causes and the csf indices in poisoned patients and determine if they could predict the patients’ outcome. methods: all patients who had ...