CS I is defined negative or declining tumour markers to their half-life following orchidectomy and negative imaging studies of the chest, abdomen and retroperitoneum. Low risk CS I NSGCT are defined by the absence of vascular invasion, low percentage of embryonal carcinoma (ECA) and low proliferating Ki-67 index. High risk CS I NSGCT are defined by the presence of VI, high percentage of ECA and...

primary rhabdomyosarcoma (rms) of the kidney is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor with an aggressive clinical course. adult renal rms is typically a pleomorphic histologic subtype and only a few cases have ever been reported. we herein present a new case of renal rms of the embryonal histologic subtype in a 26-year-old woman.

The ability of two embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines, F9 and PC13, to aggregate with preimplantation 8-cell mouse embryos is described. Both adhere to the embryonic cells and subsequently compact with the embryos. The aggregates form blastocysts in culture. The blastocysts sometimes contain the EC cells, located almost always in their inner cell mass. Differentiated derivatives of EC cells, n...

Endometriosis is ectopic presence of endometrial glands surrounded by endometrial stroma. Polypoidal endometriosis is a recently described entity which mimics neoplastic growth. Grossly and microscopically, polypoidal endometriosis can mimic benign and malignant tumors like adenofibroma, adenomyoma, low-grade stromal sarcoma, endometrial carcinoma and adenosarcoma. We report this case of polypo...

UNLABELLED We report the case of a 39-year-old female with primary vaginal squamous cell carcinoma arising from a squamous inclusion cyst of the posterior wall. The tumor was located in the vaginal wall and extended into the rectovaginal septum. The overlying mucosa was intact. Histologically, there was invagination of the surface squamous vaginal epithelium forming a cystic lesion. In some are...

Cryptorchidism is a known predisposing factor for the development of testicular tumors in adults. Age of patient at the time of treatment of undescended testes has some bearing on the risk of neoplasia. Testicular neoplasia at the time of primary surgery for cryptorchidism has been reported rarely in prepubertal period. We report a case where embryonal carcinoma was detected in a cryptorchid te...

Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) account for between 1% and 1.5% of male neoplasms and 5% of urological tumours in general. They are classified broadly into Seminoma, which resemble primordial germ cells (PGCs), and Non-Seminoma, which are either undifferentiated (embryonal carcinoma) or differentiated (exhibiting a degree of embryonic (teratoma) or extra-embryonic (yolk sac choriocarcinoma)...