breast cancer is common and is considered second cause of cancer related mortality in females. regarding importance of breast cancer, more investigation in this field is recommended. for many years investigators believed that neoplasms were not innervated but new findings have proved otherwise. this descriptive study was carried out to compare number of nerve fibers in benign, malignant and nor...

to determine the addition of value of neoadjuvant, concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy to radiation in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with regard to the overall survival (os) and disease free survival (dfs) within a six year period in tehran cancer institute. files of all patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy in a cura...

background gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. lentinan was shown to induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cells and could be used for the treatment of gastric cancer. objectives in this study, we analyzed anticancer effect of lentinan, a fungal β-glucan, on the gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (ags). materials and methods we used the dna ladder and tunnel app...

context to review and summarize the literature regarding the current status of postchemotherapy laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (pcl-rplnd) in patients with testicular germ cell tumor. evidence acquisition a comprehensive review of the english literature was performed using the pubmed database using the terms “laparoscopy” or “laparoscopic”, retroperitoneal lymph node dissect...

juvenile ossifying fibroma (jof) is a rare, benign, locally aggressive entity of the extragnathic craniofacial bones with a high tendency towards recurrence. two distinctive microscopic patterns of juvenile ossifying fibroma have been described: a trabecular juvenile ossifying fibroma (trjof) and a psammomatoid juvenile ossifying fibroma (pjof). psammomatoid variant is predominantly a craniofac...

background the most important surgical complications of renal transplantation are stenosis and obstruction of anastomosis of the ureter to the bladder. hence, routine use of ureteral stents to prevent such complications seems logical; however, the optimal time to remove the ureteral stent is still controversial. objectives the purpose of this study was to compare the benefits and complications ...

laryngeal leiomysarcoma is an extremely rare malignancy originating from smooth muscle cells. its rarity is due to the fact that only less than 50 cases of pure laryngeal leiomyosarcoma and less than 10 cases of hypopharyngeal leiomyosarcaoma have been reported in modern medical literature.  even though the clinical presentation mimics that of a laryngeal carcinoma forming the major bulk of the...

according to the definition by the national institutes of health of usa, a biological marker (biomarker) is a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated, as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacological responses, to a therapeutic agent. several studies have reported that a decreased regulating gene expression of biotinidase (btd) is associa...

The aim of the study was to assess the intensity and distribution of galectin-3 expression in benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms by immunohistochemical method. Immunohistochemical expression of galectin-3 was analyzed in surgical thyroid specimens from 82 patients with histopathologic diagnosis of follicular adenoma (n = 32), Hürthle cell adenoma (n = 10) and papillary carcinoma (n = 40). R...

The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms utilizes morphology, immunophenotype, genetics and clinical features to define disease entities of clinical significance. It is a consensus classification in which a number of experts have agreed on the classification and diagnostic criteria. In general, the classification stratifies neoplasms according to thei...