This study attempted to evaluate and compare language learning apps and the related traditional books on the same subject. The apps included Murphy’s English Grammar and Cambridge Discovery Readers and the traditional materials were English Grammar in Use and Developing Reading Skills. The study, thus, aimed to do a comparative analysis between traditional ELT materials and the digital versions...

critical discourse analysis uncovers the relationship between discourse, ideology, and power. this study investigated and analyzed contents, social relations, and subject positions in conversations of four popular advanced elt textbooks. the findings indicated that for contents, giving/asking for information and interaction were outstandingly significant. regarding social relations, friend was ...

There has been awareness of gender asymmetry in some texts including those in ELT materials. Many studies indicate similar results that the representation of males in the texts outnumbers the females (Peterson & Lach, 1990; Kortenhaus & Demarest, 1993; Wharton, 2005). Males are also likely to be described as positive, active, and competent, whilst females are likely to be described as negative,...

Technology-assisted facilities have taken English Language Teaching (ELT) to a different level where Computer Assisted Learning (CALL) has become an indispensable feature of leaning language. Recently, in the current day context ELT, both learners and teachers are experiencing positive shift from CALL another more efficient platform called Mobile (MALL). This paper explores fundamentals MALL it...

BACKGROUND Insulin/IGF-1 signaling plays a central role in longevity across phylogeny. In C. elegans, the forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factor, DAF-16, is the primary target of insulin/IGF-1 signaling, and multiple isoforms of DAF-16 (a, b, and d/f) modulate lifespan, metabolism, dauer formation, and stress resistance. Thus far, across phylogeny modulation of mammalian FOXOs and DAF-16 ha...

Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a bioactive sphingolipid that regulates proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is irreversibly degraded by the highly conserved enzyme sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase. Recent studies have suggested that sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase expression affects animal development and cell fate decisions. Despite its crucial role, mechani...

The goal of language programs is to utilize language for effective communication. Due to the needs, interests, and motivations of language learners, they may show individual differences in their lan- guage learning. Materials used in language programs can be instructional, experiential, elucidative, or exploratory in that they can inform learners about the language, provide experience of the la...

This phenomenological study explores how English language teachers become information and communication technology (ICT) literate why they make use of ICT in class find out challenges integrating teaching (ELT). For this purpose, two secondary-level were selected purposively, in-depth interviews conducted to collect data. The collected data analyzed using the thematic analysis technique. findin...