I review the current status of understanding when, how long, and how giant elliptical galaxies formed, focusing on the globular clusters. Several observational evidences show that massive elliptical galaxies formed at z > 2 (> 10 Gyr ago). Giant elliptical galaxies show mostly a bimodal color distribution of globular clusters, indicating a factor of ≈ 20 metallicity difference between the two p...

We determine relative stellar ages and metallicities mainly for about 80 elliptical galaxies in low and high density environments via the latest binary stellar population (BSP) synthesis model and test a latest hierarchical formation model of elliptical galaxies which adopted the new ΛCDM cosmology for the first time. The stellar ages and metallicities of galaxies are estimated from two high-qu...

By using well known properties of elliptical distributions we show that the relation between Kendall's tau and the linear correlation coefficient for bivariate normal distributions holds more generally (subject to only slight modifications) for the class of elliptical distributions.

Previous electron microscopic studies of bacterial RCLH1 complexes demonstrated both circular and elliptical conformations of the LH1 ring, and this implied flexibility has been suggested to allow passage of quinol from the Q(B) site of the RC to the quinone pool prior to reduction of the cytochrome bc(1) complex. We have used atomic force microscopy to demonstrate that these are just two of ma...

This paper is an attempt to determine quasi-static thermal stresses in a thin elliptical plate which is subjected to transient temperature on the top face with zero temperature on the lower face and the homogeneous boundary condition of the third kind on the fixed elliptical curved surface. The solution to conductivity equation is elucidated by employing a classical method. The solution of stre...

The formation and evolution of elliptical galaxies (EGs) is still an open question. In particular, recent observations suggest that elliptical galaxies are not only simple spheroidal systems of old stars. In this paper we analyze a sample of elliptical galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey in order to study the star-forming activity in local elliptical galaxies. Among these 487 el...

The functional design of the campaniform sensillum was modelled as a hole in a plate using two- and three-dimensional finite-element modelling. Different shapes of opening in a fibrous composite plate amplify differently the global strains imposed on the plate, and different configurations of reinforcement also have an effect. In this paper, the main objective is to study the strain and displac...

Previous electron microscopic studies of bacterial RCLH1 complexes demonstrated both circular and elliptical conformations of the LH1 ring, and this implied flexibility has been suggested to allow passage of quinol from the QB site of the RC to the quinone pool prior to reduction of the cytochrome bc1 complex. We have used atomic force microscopy to demonstrate that these are just two of many c...

the regioselective ring opening of styrene oxide using elemental iodine and bromine in the presence of disulfides as new catalysts was studied. the conductivity titration and uv spectroscopy were used to study the interaction of iodine with these catalysts. the results indicate that disulfide 11 is efficient in polyiodide formation, and can catalyze this reaction in excellent yield and high reg...