This study assessed exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields of welders and other metal workers and compared exposure from different welding processes. Exposure to ELF magnetic fields was measured for 50 workers selected from a nationwide cohort of metal workers and 15 nonrandomly selected full-time welders in a shipyard. The measurements were carried out with personal exposure...

Introduction: Exposure to the low frequency electric and magnetic fields (ELF-EMF) is very common in workers occupied in the combined cycle power plant during work shifts  The present study aimed to measure ELF-EMF flux density among shift and non-shift workers, determine job stress among workers and office workers, and identify major factors associated with job stress in the studied groups. M...

Since the early seventies, potential health risks from Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) exposure (50 Hz) have been extensively treated in the literature (more than 1000 references registered by WHO1, 2007). After 30 years of worldwide research, the major epidemiological output is the possible moderate increased risk (by a factor 2) of childhood leukaemia in case of a long exposure to an ambient ma...

The electron-reorganization along the concerted and stepwise pathways associated with the non-polar Diels-Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene (Cp, 1) and ethylene (2) has been studied using the topological analysis of the electron localization function (ELF) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. ELF results for the concerted mechanism stresses that the electron-reorganization demanded on th...

This article reports the application of a recently proposed formalism of domain averaged Fermi holes to the problem of the localization of electron pairs in electron localization function (ELF) domains and its possible implications for the electron pair model of chemical bond. The main focus was on the systems, such as H2O or N2, in which the "unphysical" population of ELF domains makes the par...

I read with interest the report by Lodise and colleagues on the penetration of meropenem into the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of 17 patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (6). Briefly, they report a median penetration rate of meropenem into ELF of 25.4%, but Monte Carlo simulations predict an enormous variability (25th to 75th percentiles, 9.0 to 70.14%; 10th to 90th percentiles,...

The present cytogenetic study was conducted on subjects occupationally exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF–EMF), whereby Chromosomal Aberrations (CAs) and Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) frequencies were premeditated. These subjects were electric substation attendants, electric arc welders and individuals working in the vicinity of electric distribution point (DP) tra...

We discuss the problem of learning fuzzy rules using Evolutionary Learning techniques, such as Genetic Algorithms and Learning Classifier Systems. We present ELF, a system able to evolve a population of fuzzy rules to obtain a sub-optimal Fuzzy Logic Controller. ELF tackles some of the problems typical of the Evolutionary Learning approach: competition and cooperation between fuzzy rules, evolu...

The electron localization function (ELF) and experimental and theoretical deformation electron density maps are compared for several earth materials and one representative molecule. The number and arrangement of the localized one-electron probability density domains generated in a mapping of the ELF correspond to the number and arrangement of the localized electron density domains generated in ...

BACKGROUND The fluorogenic alkaline phosphatase (AP) substrate 2-(5'-chloro-2'-phosphoryloxyphenyl)-6-chloro-4-(3H)-quinazolinone (ELF(R)-97 phosphate, for Enzyme-Labeled Fluorescence) has been used primarily in microscope-based imaging applications to detect endogenous AP activity, antigens and various ligands in cells and tissues, and nucleic acid hybridization. In a previous study, we demons...