Collisionless shock waves in supernova remnants and the solar wind heat electrons less effectively than they ions, as is predicted by kinetic simulations. However, values of T$_e$/T$_p$ inferred from H alpha profiles remnant shocks behave differently a function Mach number or Alfv\'{e}n what measured Here we determine for using profiles, speeds proper motions, electron temperatures X-ray spectr...

Ni-Co/Cu multilayers have been grown by electrodeposition method from a single electrolyte (based on Ni(SO4).6H2O, Co(SO4).7H2O, Cu(SO4) and H3BO3) using galvanostatic control on titanium sublayers. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the multilayered structure with the nanometer thicknesses. Also, electron diffraction x-ray (EDX)  analysis confirmed the purity of deposited samples. ...

Hydrodynamic instabilities in one-dimensional electron flow in semiconductor and their dependency with the electron and lattice temperatures are studied here. The driving force for the electrons is imposed by a voltage difference, and the hydrodynamic and electrostatic equations are linearized with respect to the steady-flow solution. A two-temperature hydrodynamic model predicts a stable elect...

A theoretical model for subnanosecond evolution of a nonequilibrium, inhomogeneous free-electron gas in a laser filament or microfilament wake channel is presented. The spatial distributions of electron density and temperature calculated in axially symmetric geometry as a function of time reveal dynamics on the picosecond time scale that is principally driven by a combination of thermal conduct...

First measurements of temperature fluctuations in a region of high velocity shear show that absolute and normalized fluctuation levels are reduced across the shear layer, a result that is consistent with weak parallel electron thermal conduction in the electron temperature dynamics. The concomitant reduction of temperature, density, and electric field fluctuations reduces the anomalous conducte...