The anodising process parameters (voltage, temperature, and electrolyte) control the morphology chemical composition of resulting anodic oxide film by altering balance between growth dissolution reactions. porosity is reduced addition tartaric acid to a sulfuric electrolyte, while at elevated temperatures enhances dissolution, leading wider pores rougher surfaces. No significant changes in as f...

The energy density and operating voltage of aqueous batteries are limited by the narrow electrochemical stability window side reactions traditional electrolytes. Considering that optimization electrolyte composition can effectively improve performance batteries, it has advantages simple easy large-scale preparation, betaine with rich polar groups zwitterions is added to as a functional material...

Nonaqueous solvents in modern battery technologies undergo electroreduction at negative electrodes, leading to the formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). The mechanisms and reactions leading to a stable SEI on silicon electrodes in lithium-ion batteries are still poorly understood. This lack of understanding inhibits the rational design of electrolyte additives, active material coat...

This paper investigated the Sr doping effect on the microstructure, chemical stability, and conductivity of Ba1-x Sr x Ce0.65Zr0.25Nd0.1O3-δ (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.2) electrolyte prepared by sol-gel method. The lattice constants and unit cell volumes were found to decrease as Sr atomic percentage increased in accordance with the Vegard law, confirming the formation of solid solution. Incorporation of Sr in...

We have carried out balance studies in normal dogs in order to appraise the effects of chronic hypoxemia on acid-base and electrolyte equilibrium. During the first phase of observation we produced a state of "pure" hypoxemia by reducing the oxygen concentration (utilizing nitrogen as a diluent) and by adding carbon dioxide to the environment in a concentration sufficient to keep arterial CO(2) ...

In capillary electrophoresis, the background electrolyte (BGE) composition is the key parameter for achieving the quantification of ions. This study is focused on the optimization of a BGE for anion separation (buffer, UV sensor, electroosmotic flow modifier and pH), and its application to whey anions. The quantification of chloride, sulfate, citrate and phosphate, was achieved with a relative ...

The electrodeposition of tin, bismuth, and tin-bismuth alloys from SnII and BiIII chlorometalate salts in the choline chloride/ethylene glycol (1:2 molar ratio) deep eutectic solvent was studied on glassy carbon and gold by cyclic voltammetry, rotating disc voltammetry, and chronoamperometry. The SnII-containing electrolyte showed one voltammetric redox process corresponding to SnII/Sn0. The di...

Tuning the composition of discharge products is an important strategy to reduce charge potential, suppress side reactions, and improve the reversibility of metal-oxygen batteries. In the present study, first-principles calculations and experimental confirmation were performed to unravel the influence of O2 pressure, particle size, and electrolyte on the composition of charge products in Na-O2 b...

Since Cuthbertson first published his important investigations, the metabolic response to trauma has been the subject of continuous study in many disciplines of medicine (1-8). An impressive body of knowledge has been accumulated with respect to changes in plasma electrolyte concentrations, urinary electrolyte excretion, body composition, and adrenocortical activity. There is general agreement ...

In the work it is shown by spectrophotometry method that depending on concentration ratio of ligands [PPi4–]/[Cit3–] in pyrophosphate-citrate electrolyte, cobalt (II) ions form not only citrate [Co(Cit)2]4– and pyrophosphate [Co(PPi)2]6–, but also polyligand complexes [Co(PPi)m(Cit)n]+2–(4m+3n). The composition [Co(PPi)Cit]5– was determined, equilibrium constant reaction their formation stabili...