The electrode potential constitutes a dynamical variable whenever an electrode is resistively coupled to the electric circuit. We show that at the nanoscale, the discreteness and stochasticity of an electron transfer event causes fluctuations of the electrode potential that render all elementary electrochemical reactions to be faster on a nanoelectrode than predicted by the macroscopic (Butler-...

The glass electrode is the most commonly used device to access the pH of an aqueous solution. It attains highly accurate measurements via simple and well-established procedures. However, the reasons why the glass electrode potential scales with hydrogen ion concentration according to almost Nernstian potential values have been long-standing challenges to explain. Only in the past 50 years has a...

Conventional ion-selective electrodes with a liquid junction have the disadvantage of potential drift. All-solid-state ion-selective electrodes with solid contact in between the metal electrode and the ion-selective membrane offer high capacitance or conductance to enhance potential stability. Solution-casted chitosan/Prussian blue nanocomposite (ChPBN) was employed as the solid contact layer f...

In this theoretical work, we present for the first time voltammetric results of a surface multistep electron transfer mechanism that is associated with a preceding chemical reaction that is linked to the first electron transfer step. The mathematical model of this so-called “surface CEE mechanism” is solved under conditions of square-wave voltammetry. We present relevant set of results portrayi...

Glucose oxidase (E. C. 1.1.3.4) was immobilized on electrochemically modified graphite to obtain an enzyme electrode. The working surface of the electrode was coated with gelatine to prevent desorption of the enzyme. In substrate (glucose) solutions the amperometric signal of the enzyme electrode was due to the electroreduction of H202 generated in the enzyme layer. The linearity of the electro...

During the electrochemical analysis or disposal of most of phenolic compounds, insulated polymeric substrates are created and cover the electrode surface. This can cause the signal current to decay over time, which is called electrode fouling or electrode passivation. This paper describes a model based on the potential drop across the fouling layer that is helpful for deeper understanding of th...

[1] There is growing interest in the application of electrode‐based measurements for monitoring microbial processes in the Earth using biogeophysical methods. In this study, reactive electrode measurements were combined to electrical geophysical measurements during microbial sulfate reduction occurring in a column of silica beads saturated with natural river water. Electrodic potential (EP), se...

Laplace equations were used for modeling of electrotonic potential in three-dimensional isotropic double-space RC medium. Solutions of Laplace equations for the case of rectangular current pulse stimulation using spherical electrode we obtain using Laplace transforms in imaginary space. Solutions in original space we got using numerical invert Laplace transform. It showed that the rising front ...