In this comment we demonstrate that the example of a DC conducting wire of finite length as and example for the application of the Biot-Savart Law is flawed due to the non-conservation of electric charge for such an unphysical setting. The implications drawn in [1] on the restrictions of Ampère’s Circuital Law in integral form are unnecessary as long as only physically realizable situations obe...

In 1861 Fizeau studied transmission of polarized light through a screen with subwavelength scratches [1], and in 1888 Hertz performed similar experiments with radio waves and a grid of wires, which transmited polarized electromagnetic waves, of wavelength λ large compared to the wire spacing d, only if the electric field of the wave was perpendicular to the direction of the wires. Explain these...

Suppose a hounded distribution of time-dependent sources in free space is as shown in Figure 1. The retarded electric ( ( F , t ) The primary goal ofthis paper is tutorial. It discusses, from a and magnetic A(r, t ) potentials at the observation point physical point of view, several basic features related to the transient radiation of electromagnetic waves by straight thin-wire P = P(r ,O ,q ) ...

The current is not “shielded” from the external electric field, and does not correspond to the current in either a resistive or superconducting wire. The definition (1) was suggested by Daniel Vanzella. See also [1]. The expression (2) is not gauge invariant. However, we will only be concerned with comparison of energies of charges at two different potentials. For additional remarks on eq. (2),...

In this work the influence of solid particles concentration from suspension on the buildup evolution for a single wire from a magnetic filter working in axial configuration is presented. The buildup differential equations are solved and the surface contour of the buildup at different moments is obtained. It is evidenced the existence of a suspension concentration for which the radial deposit ex...

We have successfully operated enucleation of oocyte by using microelectric knife without any thermal collateral damage. Minimally-invasive cellular-scale ablation was achieved by the mono-dispersed microbubbles which were generated by a pulse discharge of microelectrode. The discharged output power and conductive area of microelectrode were controlled by glass shell insulation around the copper...