Lung cancer is the leading causes of cancer death worldwide (Siegel et al., 2014), mainly due to the difficulty of early diagnosis and the highly metastatic potential, which has being the hotspot of lung cancer research (Li et al., 2014). In fact, the metastasis has already developed before the diagnosis of lung cancer in most cases, for example, approximately 30 to 40% of patients with advance...

Abnormal aggregation of tau protein within the cytoplasm of susceptible neurons has been considered one of the major hallmarks that define the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Iqbal et al., 2010; Pritchard et al., 2011). At early stages of neuronal degeneration tau protein is accumulated in the form of early non-assembled aggregates that may alter the normal functioning of affected n...

8,117,523 132 * 2/2012 Divsalar et al . ............... 714/801 8,239,746 B2 * 8/2012 Divsalar et al . ............... 714/801 8,495,450 132 * 7/2013 Abu-Surra et al. ........... 714/752 8,560,911 132 * 10/2013 Abu-Surra et al. ........... 714/752 2006/0291571 Al 12/2006 Divsalar et al. 2006/0294445 Al 12/2006 Divsalar et al. 2007/0162815 Al* 7/2007 El-Khamy et al ............. 714/752 2007/028...

INTRODUCTION The midbrain (Mb) comprises the superior colliculus, which integrates attention and visual stimuli, and the inferior colliculus, which is an obligate auditory processing center. These dorsal Mb (d.Mb) structures are adjacent to the cerebellum (Cb), which controls motor behaviors. The ventral Mb (v.Mb) contains molecularly, physiologically and biochemically distinct neurons that con...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects upper and lower motor neurons and is more recently known to be associated with declines in cognitive and behavioral functions for a subset of patients (Strong, et al., 1996; Strong et al., 2009). The cognitive changes associated with ALS can vary from mild impairments that may or may not affect the indi...

In recent years we can observe an increasing number of publications describing different incidents of infections, where species of Corynebacterium are isolated as the etiological factor of infection (Anderson et al., 2008; Campanile et al., 2009; Chiner et al., 1999; Dela et al., 2008; Fernandez-Roblas et al., 2009; Funke et al., 1997a; Funke et al., 1997b; Lagrou et al., 1998; Otsuka et al., 2...

Climate change is affecting the tourism industry through many different mechanisms (Weaver 2011;Gössling, 2002, 2007; Berrittella et al. 2005; Hall and Higham 2005; Peeters 2005; Dubois and Ceron 2006; Becken and Hay 2007; Buckley 2008; UNWTO-UNEP-WMO 2008;Gössling et al. 2009). These include: environmental changes and human responses at tourist destinations and countries of origin (Koenig and ...

To make food resources accessible, provide supplemental nutrition and fend off parasites, animals, including humans, often rely on symbiotic microorganisms (Dethlefsen et al. 2007; Rosenberg et al. 2007; Klepzig et al. 2009). In contrast, many microbes, such as filamentous fungi or bacteria, render food sources unpalatable to animals (Janzen 1977; Burkepile et al. 2006; Rozen et al. 2008). Inse...

This article is part of a Minifocus on invadopodia and podosomes. For further reading, please see related articles: ‘Matrix invasion by tumour cells: a focus on MT1-MMP trafficking to invadopodia’ by Renaud Poincloux et al. (J. Cell Sci. 122, 3015-3024), ‘Mechanisms for transcellular diapedesis: probing and pathfinding by ‘invadosome-like protrusions’’ by Christopher V. Carman (J. Cell Sci. 122...

Several electric field soundings through stratiform clouds and convective regions of a mid-latitude mesoscale convective system, made with balloon-borne electric field meters and radiosondes, have been examined. All these soundings demonstrate the presence of fine structures in the electric field distribution, with characteristic spatial scales of irregularities ranging from hundreds to tens of...