Electric breakdown in air occurs for electric fields exceeding 34 kV/cm and results in a large current surge that propagates along unpredictable trajectories. Guiding such currents across specific paths in a controllable manner could allow protection against lightning strikes and high-voltage capacitor discharges. Such capabilities can be used for delivering charge to specific targets, for elec...

Repetitive contraction of cultured muscle tubes has been controlled in vitro with periodical electrical stimulation. C2C12 (Mouse myoblast cell line) was cultured with High-glucose Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium on a dish to make muscle tubes. Differentiation was induced with horse serum. Repetitive contraction of the tube was generated by electric pulses through electrodes of platinum, and...

The increase of power demand has increased the need for transmitting huge amount of power over long distances. Large transmission lines configurations with high voltage and current levels generate large values of electric and magnetic fields stresses which affect the humanbeing and the nearby objects located at ground surfaces. This has in turn prompted increased activity in the documentation o...

1 INTRODUCTION Electric power utilities have sustained significant damage from lightning. The occurrence of line faults is one result of lightning damage. To prevent it, power utilities adopt various measures of protection from lightning. Transmission line overhead ground wires greatly contribute to a decrease in the number of line faults by preventing direct hits to the power lines. Lightning ...

The electric impedance of cultured myoblasts oriented on the scaffold with micro pattern has been measured between surface electrodes in vitro. Several parallel lines of micro rectangular ridges (0.001 mm height, 0.003 mm width, and 0.003 mm interval) have been made between a pair of the surface titanium electrodes at the surface of the scaffold of glass by the photolithography technique. C2C12...

using hartree-fock su-sheriffer-heeger (hf-ssh) model, we have studied the dependence of the energies of the ground (magnetic triplet state) and the first exited (nonmagnetic singlet state) states of the size-2 trigonal zigzag graphene nanoflake (size-2 nf) on the intensity of an external in plane static electric field at zero temperature. we identify a transition from the magnetic triplet stat...

The electromigration lifetime is measured for a large number of copper lines encapsulated in an organosilicate glass low-permittivity dielectric. Three testing variables are used: the line length, the electric current density, and the temperature. A copper line fails if a void near the upstream via grows to a critical volume that blocks the electric current. The critical volume varies from line...

This paper reviews the recent progress in the analysis and applications of the symmetry-related electromagnetic properties of transmission lines loaded with symmetric configurations of resonant elements. It will be shown that the transmission characteristics of these reactively loaded lines can be controlled by the relative orientation between the line and the resonant elements. Two main types ...

It is often seen an object move or vibrate repeatedly. Some phenomenons are useful, but another is unavailable motion. The unavailable motion makes a lot of energy dissipation. In order to utilize the energy unavailable motion makes, the research will use the energy to generate electric power for solving the deficient personal energy sources problems. In general, the generator coil sweeps the m...

The electronic power transformer (EPT) raises concerns for its notable size and volume reduction compared with traditional line frequency transformers. Medium frequency transformers (MFTs) are important components in high voltage and high power energy conversion systems such as EPTs. High voltage and high power make the reliable insulation design of MFT more difficult. In this paper, the influe...