Lithium-based batteries are considered as the most advanced batteries technology, which can be designed for high energy or high power storage systems. However, the battery cells are never fully identical due to the fabrication process, surrounding environment factors and differences between the cells tend to grow if no measures are taken. In order to have a high performance battery system, the ...

The battery performance of electric wheelchairs was measured under indoor and outdoor conditions, and simulated driving cycles for these two environments were derived from these tests. Driving cycles were used to bench-test deep discharge wet cell and gel cell lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, and experimental nickel-zinc batteries. Results of this study support the conclusion that...

The characteristics of lead-acid batteries for wheelchairs in terms of a new empirical equation for the capacity, application of the Palmgren-Miner Rule for sizing the battery, and the effect of depth of discharge on the life cycles is presented. A brief section about selecting an economical battery for an electric wheelchair is included.

This paper presents an engine-in-the-loop validation of a power management strategy for hybrid electric powertrains that splits the power demanded by driver between the engine and battery depending on the frequency content. In particular, a series hybrid electric powertrain is considered where the engine is a real 6.4L diesel engine and the rest of the vehicle, including the battery, generator,...

Recharging decisions for electric vehicles require many special considerations due to battery dynamics. Battery longevity is prolonged by recharging less frequently and at slower rates, and also by not charging the battery too close to its maximum capacity. In this paper, we address the problem of finding an optimal recharging policy for an electric vehicle along a given path. The path consists...

The increased activity in the field of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have led to an increase in standardization work, performed by both world-wide organizations like the IEC or the ISO, as by regional and national bodies such as CEN, CENELEC, SAE or JEVA. The issues of these standards cover several topics: safety, performance and operational/dimension issu...

In this paper, an energy management strategy is proposed for a series plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. A number of quadratic equations are employed to determine the engine fuel-rate with respect to battery power. The problem is solved by using quadratic programming and simulated annealing method together to find the optimal battery power commands and the engine-on power. The influences induced ...

This paper proposes a feed-forward control model for SWB6105 parallel hybrid electric urban bus (PHEUB) by using Matlab/Simulink. In order to optimize the fuel economy, balance the battery state of charge (SOC), and satisfy the requirements of the vehicle performance and drivability as well, a logic threshold torque distribution control strategy (LTTDCS) incorporating with an instantaneous opti...

Thermal management of batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is essential for effective operation in all climates. This has been recognized in the design of battery modules and packs for pre-production prototype or production EVs and HEVs. Designs are evolving and various issues are being addressed. There are trade-offs between performance, functionality, volum...

OBJECTIVE To solve the complicated wires and battery maintenance problems in the application of wearable computing for biomedical monitoring, the electromyography (EMG) measurement system using conductive fabric for power supply and electric shield for noise reduction is proposed. MATERIAL AND METHODS The basic cable-free network system using conductive fabric, named as "TextileNet" is develo...