Electoral heresthetics, or the manipulation of electoral systems to a political player’s advantage, had profound political consequences for post-communist transitional Poland. Choices of di¤erent electoral systems contributed ...rst to the fall of communism and later to the reclaiming of power by the postcommunists. Despite high stakes and top priority attached by political players to electoral...

This paper examines the relationship between electoral systems and female representation in four post-communist states that use mixed electoral systems. Mixed electoral systems provide an excellent laboratory to test electoral system effects because voters cast two ballots under very different electoral rules. If the PR and SMD tiers of mixed elections are treated separately, one can study the ...

We examine state legislator behavior on restrictive voter identification (ID) bills from 2005 to 2013. Partisan polarization of state lawmakers on voter ID laws is well known, but we know very little with respect to other determinants driving this political division. A major shortcoming of extant research evaluating the passage of voter ID bills stems from using the state legislature as the uni...

Abstract This paper examines the context-dependent role of race as a predictor non-electoral political participation. Prior country-level studies have documented group-level differences in variety forms participation South Africa and United States, but found few to no Brazil. Why are members one group more engaged certain activities than other groups only specific contexts? do socioeconomically...

RESULTS: Fifty-five participants (31 patients and 24 parents) completed all questionnaires, 98.2% preferred active involvement in therapeutic decision-making. The SDM-Q-9 scores, assessed by patients and physicians, were acceptable (mean 68 out of 100). However, the independently assessed OPTION-5 scores were significantly lower (mean 31 out of 100). In the consultations, physicians rarely aske...

A human rights perspective to this article intertwines the information and political participation. It deals with intersections between provision of civic voter education (CVE), opportunities threats pertaining feasibility finding digital solutions for enhanced participation in democratic electoral processes during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic Africa. Under normal circumstances while...

The United States, uniquely among all countries, elects its head of state using a two-tiered system called the Electoral College. If we view the states that make up the Electoral College as voters and make some simplifying assumptions, it is possible to use the theory of voting and voting power to measure the power of the individual states in a presidential election. Modeling the Electoral Coll...

In the United States electoral system, a candidate is elected indirectly by winning a majority of electoral votes cast by individual states, the election usually being decided by the votes cast by a small number of " swing states " where the two candidates historically have roughly equal probabilities of winning. The effective value of a swing state in deciding the election is determined not on...

War-to-peace transitions feature multiple insecurities not directly connected to armed conflict, seen clearly in violence associated with social and political participation by marginalised persons communities. Understanding such requires re-theorisation of the relationship between citizen security. Grounded theory research on sectoral temporal patterns Colombia’s Cesar Department suggests it is...

Formal work on the electoral model often suggests that parties or candidates should locate themselves at the electoral mean. Recent research has found no evidence of such convergence. In order to explain nonconvergence, the stochastic electoral model is extended by including estimates of electoral valence. We introduce the notion of a convergence coefficient, c. It has been shown that high valu...