Positive effects of campaign spending on electoral outcomes have been found in several comparative, multiparty contexts (e.g. Britain, France, Japan, and Australia) but very few of these systems use proportional representation (PR). If positive effects from spending are robust, however, then we would also expect to find that they generalize to systems using more proportional rules. Our study ex...

The problem of media visibility politicians and political parties is at the heart interest communication researchers. Theoretical reflections empirical studies focus on numerous presence determinants. At same time, attempts to identify actors in specific periods, such as particularly important for democracy period election campaign preceding parliamentary election, are relatively rare. This stu...

The literature on external voting overlooks why some political parties campaign abroad while others remain focused the national territory. This article investigates determinants of strategic entry in overseas districts through analysing legislative elections Ecuador (2007–2017). Based a study incentives and constraints party presence abroad, we find that are more likely to compete for displayin...

The 2016 U.S. presidential election upended a number of scholarly expectations about electoral politics. Many academics and pundits predicted that president Donald Trump’s flaunting of democratic norms, from his rhetoric on the campaign trail to his financial conflicts of interest, would undermine his candidacy. How do we explain Trump’s appeal to his core supporters and Republicans more genera...

Millions of California voters regularly turn out in November but abstain from primary elections.A randomized Get Out the Vote experiment conducted in the state’s 2014 primary contestshows that this dormant electorate can be mobilized if campaigns target these unlikely voters.Here, we extend these findings to examine whether the electoral context of the district shapes theeffectiveness of a prim...