Because the concept of retirement is prominent in both popular thinking and academic studies, it would be helpful if the notion were analytically sound, could be measured with precision, and would make possible comparisons of patterns of retirement over time and among different populations. This paper reviews and assesses the many concepts and measures that have been proposed, summarizing them ...

OBJECTIVES This study's focus on the retiree identity complements research on institutionalized retirement criteria. We test whether tensions between individuals' own life circumstances and institutionalized retirement criteria manifest themselves in the extent to which individuals assume a retiree identity and in the overlap between self-definitions and attainment of institutionalized retireme...

Many countries around the world are simultaneously experiencing an aging labor force, sharp reductions in the labor force participation rates of older workers, and high unemployment among younger workers. In response, some governments have encouraged early retirement by the elderly to free up jobs for the young, while others have adopted policies that promote old-age labor force participation. ...

Many countries around the world are experiencing a significant shift in demographic patterns towards an older population. The age composition of the labor force has also changed dramatically, often accompanied by sharp reductions in the labor force participation rates of older workers. These phenomena in concert pose numerous challenges for the design of public pension programs and labor market...

The issue of population aging is great concern to all countries in the world, and China one with more serious aging. Under situation increasingly aging, we should pay attention life elderly after retirement. Paying health behavior living conditions will contribute process successful Retirement a critical point, transition period have different effects on retired population, some literature sugg...

BACKGROUND Given the acceleration of population ageing and policy changes to extend working lives, evidence is needed on the ability of older adults to work for longer. To understand more about the health impacts of work, this study examined the relationship between employment histories before retirement and trajectories of frailty thereafter. METHODS The sample comprised 2765 women and 1621 ...

participation is a process in which people involved to make endeavors aiming at a common goal; and they do this actively, freely with awareness and accountability. women participation as one of the principles for development can be studied from different perspectives. the objective of the present study is to investigate social and cultural factors influencing social participation of rural women...

This paper examines economic factors affecting the declining fertility rate in Japan. A major cause of this continuous decline is the increasing participation of women in the labor force. This, in turn, increases the opportunity costs of having children for a family. These opportunity costs are closely related to the scarcity of full-time jobs for women due to the fixed employment practices of ...