The elbow joint needs to be both mobile and stable to exercise its hinge function, which is the key to a normal upper limb. Loss of motion in the elbow joint leads to an exponential functional handicap. Elbow trauma is a common cause of elbow stiffness. Open elbow arthrolysis with release of the capsule has been demonstrated to be a very useful treatment. Arthroscopic elbow arthrolysis has now ...

BACKGROUND Baseball pitchers have adaptive changes in the soft tissues of the throwing elbow. HYPOTHESIS High school baseball pitchers would show adaptive changes in the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL), such as calcifications and hypoechoic foci, thickening, and increased ulnohumeral joint laxity, on dynamic ultrasound (DUS). STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. ...

This paper addresses validation of a curvature-theory-based time-invariant inverse kinematic model and a related tracking algorithm for human motor control of reaching motions. Human subjects made unconstrained reaching motions in the horizontal plane to fixed targets at three self-selected speeds. Consistent shoulder/elbow joint speed ratios for motions to the same target across speeds were ob...

Most strength tests are restricted to measuring joint torques only in main directions like flexion or pronation. However, for an advanced strength prediction model, information about maximum possible joint torques in intermediate directions also has to be known. This paper concentrates on obtaining functions for maximum joint torques in arbitrary directions in the elbow. Therefore, isometric jo...

BACKGROUND There have been several reports that partial ulnar transfer (PUNT) is preferable for reconstructing elbow flexion in patients with upper brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) compared with intercostal nerve transfer (ICNT). The purpose of this study was to compare the recovery of elbow flexion between patients subjected to PUNT and patients subjected to ICNT. METHODS Sixteen patients (13...

[Purpose] The present study attempted to measure two-point discrimination in the upper extremities of healthy Koreans in their 20's. [Subjects and Methods] Using a three-point esthesiometer, we conducted an experiment with a group of 256 college students (128 male and 128 female), attending N University in Chonan, Republic of Korea. [Results] Females showed two-point discrimination at a shorter...

The sense of limb position is crucial for movement control and environmental interactions. Our understanding of this fundamental proprioceptive process, however, is limited. For example, little is known about the accuracy of arm proprioception: Does it vary with changes in arm configuration, since some peripheral receptors are engaged only when joints move toward extreme angles? Are these varia...

We present the case of an 80-year-old man with a tumor recurrence on his right arm 6 years after initial treatment. The lateral aspect of the elbow joint, involving overlaying skin, muscles, tendons, joint capsule, lateral collateral ligament complex, the lateral 1/3 of the capitellum, and lateral epicondyle of humerus were excised in the tumor resection. Intraoperative assessment revealed mult...

Terrible triad of the elbow is characterized as posterior dislocation of the elbow joint accompanied by the fractures of the radial head and coronoid process of the ulna, which is rarely seen in clinical practice, especially because the mild fracture is barely detected by imaging method In this study, we reported one case of serious complex bilateral elbow injury, presenting with unilateral typ...

PURPOSE Previous in vivo and in vitro studies of forearm supination-pronation suggest that distal radioulnar joint kinematics may be affected by elbow flexion. The primary hypotheses tested by this study were that, in vivo, ulnar variance changes with elbow flexion and forearm rotation, and the arc of forearm rotation changes in relationship to elbow flexion. METHODS Changes in radioulnar kin...