This study explored the nature of transfer among bilingual vs. trilinguals with varying levels of competence in English and their previous languages. The hypotheses were tested in writing tasks designed for 75 high (N= 35) vs. intermediate (N=40) proficient EFL learners with Turkish, Persian, English and Persian, English linguistic backgrounds. Qualitative data were also collected through some ...

The ability to use discourse markers (DMs) create cohesion and coherence of a text is essential for EFL learners at the university level express ideas thoughts in various types writing assignments, such as academic papers reflections. Hence, this study attempted shed more light on DMs non-academic writings Thai learners. main objective was investigate types, overall frequency, differences, simi...

Needs analysis is generally believed to be important in ESP/EAP context because it enables practitioners and materials writers find out about their real learners' needs. Therefore, the aim of study explore need teaching reading English language teaching. has encouraged leaners' needs explored. Teacher involved doing analysis. The results demonstrate that EFL learners have difficulty especially ...

the present study aimed to analyze reprint request e-mail messages written by postgraduates (ma students) of two fields of study, namely physics and efl, to realize the differences and similarities between the two email types. to investigate the purpose of the study, a sample of 100 e-mail messages, 50 physics and 50 efl, were analyzed according to swales’ (1990) model for reprint requests and ...

Hyunsook Yoon Dongguk University, Korea This paper reports on a qualitative study that investigated the changes in students’ writing process associated with corpus use over an extended period of time. The primary purpose of this study was to examine how corpus technology affects students’ development of competence as second language (L2) writers. The research was mainly based on case studies wi...

The concept of motivational regulation has always been on the agenda researchers; however, role received relatively little attention in terms writing skills. Hence, present study aims to investigate potential correlations between strategies concerning collaborative beliefs undergraduate L2 writers. To this end, a total 102 writers were surveyed. collect data, two research tools used. first one ...

We investigated whether expiratory muscle loading induced by the application of expiratory flow limitation (EFL) during exercise in healthy subjects causes a reduction in quadriceps muscle blood flow in favor of the blood flow to the intercostal muscles. We hypothesized that, during exercise with EFL quadriceps muscle blood flow would be reduced, whereas intercostal muscle blood flow would be i...