It has been suggested in the past that an AeffectiveB cloud fraction can be used to take into account cloud geometry effects in solar radiation parameterizations. All such models have been based on the reflected flux from non-plane-parallel cloud fields. In this study, it is shown that the Ž . AeffectiveB cloud fraction based on absorption or transmission could differ considerably from that bas...

The effective planar elastic moduli and planar conductivity (or dielectric constant) of regular hexagonal and triangular honeycombs were investigated for the entire range of volume fractions. Only the extreme limits of the volume fraction have been studied in the past. We studied the effective properties both numerically, via finite elements, and analytically, via rigorous three-point bounds, t...

In this research work, first, based on the three-dimensional elasticity theory and by means of the Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (GDQM), free vibration characteristics of functionally graded (FG) rectangular plates resting on Pasternak foundation are focused. The two-constituent functionally graded plate consists of ceramic and metal grading through the thickness. A three-parameter...

We study the dynamic fracture of thin layers of suspensions of non-Brownian rigid particles. The impact of a projectile triggers a liquid-to-solid transition and a hole opens in the layer. We show that the occurrence of fracture and the spatial and dynamic features of the cracks depend mostly on the thickness of the layer and the particle volume fraction. In contrast, the properties of the frac...

We report a study of the optical and electric properties of Au nanoparticle networks grown on the porous alumina membrane by dry atom sputtering deposition approach. An effective cluster model was developed to evaluate the dielectric function and the electrical conductivities of the nanoparticle networks by taking into account the effects of the Au particle size, the Au volume fraction, and the...

This article focuses on the analytical solution for uniform heating of a FGM hollow sphere made of two phase of different materials. It is assumed that the volume fraction of one phase is a function f1 = (rn−an)/(bn−an) varied in the radial direction. Based on the Voigt constant strain approximation, analytical solutions of stresses, displacements and the effective coefficient of thermal expans...

Co-doping of lanthanum and phosphorus in CaFe₂As₂ induces superconductivity at 45 K. This superconducting transition temperature is higher than the 38 K transition in Ba₁-xKxFe₂As₂, which is the maximum found thus far among the 122 phases. Superconductivity with a substantial shielding volume fraction was observed at 0.12 ≤ x ≤ 0.18 and y = 0.06 in Ca₁-xLaxFe₂(As₁-yPy)₂. The superconducting pha...

Digital quantification of a two-dimensional structure was applied to a GDC(Gd₂O₃-doped CeO₂)/LSM(La₀.₈₅Sr₀.₁₅MnO₃) composite cathode employed for solid oxide fuel cells. With the aid of high-resolution imaging capability based on secondary and backscattered electron images, two-dimensional electron micrographs were converted to digital binary files using an image processing tool combined with t...

Random packings containing 8192 hard spheres have been built with an ee-cient computer algorithm for various packing fractions up to c = 0:643, a value close to the upper limit c b ' 0:649. Long-range correlations and local order have been investigated via the calculation of the two-point correlation function g(r) and the Voronoi tessellation, respectively. The g(r) curve exhibits larger damped...

Radiographic imaging of magma dynamics in a volcanic conduit provides detailed information about ascent and descent of magma, the magma flow rate, the conduit diameter and inflation and deflation of magma due to volatile expansion and release. Here we report the first radiographic observation of the ascent and descent of magma along a conduit utilizing atmospheric (cosmic ray) muons (muography)...