A diffusion-controlled theory is developed for the formation of a low-pressure, current-free double layer just inside an upstream insulating source chamber connected to a larger diameter, downstream chamber. The double layer is described using four groups of charged particles: thermal ions, monoenergetic accelerated ions flowing downstream, accelerated electrons flowing upstream, and thermal el...

We self-consistently estimate the outflow rate from the accretion rates of an accretion disk around a black hole in which both the Keplerian and the sub-Keplerian matter flows simultaneously. While Keplerian matter supplies soft-photons, hot sub-Keplerian matter supplies thermal electrons. The temperature of the hot electrons is decided by the degree of inverse Comptonization of the soft photon...

Magnetoresistive memory is a candidate for future universal memory because of fast switching, high density, and non-volatility. However, improvement regarding the essential parameters such as thermal stability and switching current is still needed and finding alternative architectures for magnetic cell structures is of considerable importance for the success of magnetoresistive memory. A struct...

BACKGROUND Externally irrigated radiofrequency (RF) electrodes have been widely used to thermally ablate tumors in surface tissue and to thermally coagulate the transection plane during a surgical resection. As far as we know, no mathematical model has yet been developed to study the electrical and thermal performance of these electrodes, especially the role of the saline layer that forms aroun...

A comprehensive analysis of bioheat transport through a double layer and multilayer biological media is presented in this work. Analytical solutions have been developed for blood and tissue phase temperatures and overall heat exchange correlations, incorporating thermal conduction in tissue and vascular system, blood-tissue convective heat exchange, metabolic heat generation, and imposed heat f...

We study the fine-scale statistics of temperature and its derivatives in turbulent RayleighBénard convection. Direct numerical simulations are carried out in a cylindrical cell with unit aspect ratio filled with a fluid with Prandtl number equal to 0.7 for Rayleigh numbers between 10 and 10. The probability density function of the temperature or its fluctuations is found to be always non-Gaussi...