Abstract Various stakeholders, such as policymakers and educators, require diagnostic feedback actionable test results. One particular context in which fine-grained results are of utmost importance is English language proficiency (ELP) assessments they used for critical decisions students. Diagnostic classification models (DCMs) afford finer levels to improve learning outcomes. This study part ...

Using host–guest chemistries in a biphasic system, novel supramolecular nanoparticle surfactant (s-NPS) with redox-responsiveness is presented to structure liquids. The situ assembly/jamming and disassembly/unjamming of s-NPSs at the oil–water interface are reversibly controlled by switchable redox process, imparting nanoscale redox-responsiveness, affecting assemblies on all length scales. “Sm...

I develop a model of ideologies as collectively sustained (yet individually rational) distortions in beliefs concerning the proper scope of governments versus markets. In processing and interpreting signals of the efficacy of public and market provision of education, health insurance, pensions, etc., individuals optimally trade off the value of remaining hopeful about their future prospects (or...