The expansion of market relations into new arenas, reflecting the bourgeois need to “nestle everywhere, settle everywhere, establish connections everywhere” (Marx and Engels 1998: 39), is not just geographic. Colonization begins at home, as seen in the progressive commodification of women’s previously unpaid labor. Thus, even as women slowly improved the gender division of housework (Bianchi et...

Background & aim:  Gender roles are affected by biosocial and cultural factors. These roles have significant impacts on one’s professional, social, and family life. Therefore, given the recent changes in gender roles in Iran, we aimed to determine the relationship between demographic factors and gender role attitudes among women. Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 712 females, ...

background and aim: iran has experienced a great variation in women's status in recent years. there is a little knowledge on how and why advancing gender equality and equity and the empowerment of women play a role in recent fertility reduction in the country. this study was conducted to gain insight into the role of gender beliefs and women's empowerment in the couples 'experien...