The causation relationship between economic growth and military expenditures in developing countries has received growing focus in recent years. One of the arguments in this field is that military spending absorbs a significant proportion of the limited financial resources in LDCs. The present study examines the causal relation in two models: defense spending with total real economic growth and...

Background This study aimed to identify and prioritize factors affecting the development of military hospital beds and provide a model using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (Fuzzy AHP). Methods This applied study was conducted in 2016 in Iran using a mixed method. The sample included experts in the field of military health care system. The MAXQDA 10.0 and Expert Choice 10.0 software were u...

We show that the ring of the weight enumerators of a self-dual doubly even code dn in arbitrary genus is finitely generated. Indeed enough elements to generate it are given. The latter result is applied to obtain a minimal set of generators of the ring in genus two.

The economic effects of military spending is an important issue for developing countries, particularly for regions such as Sub Saharan Africa (SSA), has been through considerable turmoil, with high levels of conflict in the region and generally poor economic performance. There has, however, been a limited amount of empirical work on the area, particularly work that takes into account the years ...

In the twentieth century, Latin American militaries developed economic industries, organised businesses, and provided security and development assistance in lieu of the state. Despite shifts to democracy and the market, the military remains an economic actor in many countries in the region. This article seeks to open debate and suggest ways to approach the subject theoretically. It examines the...

A number of literatures suggest that military strength has been losing centrality and importance to nonmilitary factors of national power. In this paper, logistic regressions and data from the Correlates of War COW project are used to investigate whether over the 1820–2000 time horizon, for the great powers and their proximate contenders, the importance of military capabilities to national powe...

A recently announced shift in the global military strategy of the United States involves an increase in the presence of the U.S. Armed Forces in the Pacific. Drawing from propositions of the system-maintenance role of local media, this study examines how the Pacific Daily News (PDN), a newspaper on the Western Pacific island of Guam, covers a U.S. military buildup, and the extent to which such ...